RISK FACTOR

HAZARD AND
EXPOSURE
Hazard - A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or
condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social
and economic disruption, or environmental damage.

Exposure - is the degree to which the elements at risk are likely

to experience hazard events of different magnitudes.
 VULNERABILITY AND CAPACITY
Vulnerabilty- the charactersitics and circumstance
of a community, system or asset that make ity
susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.

Capacity- is the ability to increase awareness and

resilience or adapt to any environmental changes.
HAZARD CAUSING DISASTER
Tropical Cyclone- are destructive disturbances
accompanied by strong winds and voluminous rains.

Drought- is a temporary reduction in water or moisture

availability significantly below the normal or expected
amount for a specific period.
 HAZARD CAUSING DISASTER
2. Man-Made Hazard
Environmental
• Red tide - refers to the discoloration of water bodies due to the presence of
extremely enormous amount of bloom of dinoflaggelates, which are toxic and
responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning.

• Environmental pollution- includes three aspects: air and water pollution,

ozone depletion and possible global warming. Various parts of the environment
are subjected to the effects of toxic (poisonous) chemical produced in the course
of industrialization.
 HAZARD CAUSING DISASTER
• Deforestation- is the removal or damage of vegetation in
a region that is pre-dominantly covered by trees.

• Complex emergencies - are human-induced emergency

in which the cause of the emergency as well as the assistance
to the afflicted is complicated by intense level of political
consideretions.
 HAZARD CAUSING DISASTER
• Fire- is a chemiccal reaction known as combustion. The main
elements of burning includes fuel (reducing agent), oxygen (
oxydizing agent) , and heat (temperature)

•Health Epidemics and public health emergencies are

definedas the occurence of a disease, known or suspected to be
of infectious or parasitic origin that is unusually affecting a large
number of the populace.
 IMPORTANT REMINDERS DURING EMEGENCIES

1. Get a kit

2. Make a plan

3. Ne informed
 BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER
5. VOLCANIC ERUPTION

Before the Eruption

a. Avoid low places and areas where lansdlides may occur.
b. Avoid cutting trees in the slopes of the volcano. These serve as barriers
against destructive lava flows.
c. Do not build permanent settlements near volcanoes. Monitor all PHIVOLCS
warnings and announcements about volcanic activity.
d. Ensure availability of vehicles that can be used to evacuate people when the
volcano erupts.
During the Eruption

a. When ash fall occurs, Immediately evacuate people suffering from respiratory
system. Cover mouth and nostrils with a wet rag.
b. Remain indoors and stay at the evacuation center, if you have to travel, be
cautious, alert and calm at all times.
c. Stop driving during ash falls since congested traffic will become more likely.
d. Keep away from coastal areas, if the volcano erupting is located in the sea. This
can cause tsunami.
After the Eruption

a. Return to your home only when properly advised by your

community leaders, PHIVOLCS, or your local DCCs.
b. The guidelines mentioned only the period before Volcano
erupts until the eruption is over. It does not include
preparations necessary to address the long term effects of a
volcanic eruption, particularly lahar flows.
 BEFOEE, DURING AND AFTER
6. ARMED CONFLICT
Before the Armed Conflict
a. Monitor the peace and order situation in your are.
b. Know where the designated evacuation centers are located and familiarize
yourself with emergency plans of your community.
c. Know your rights as provided by the International Humanitarian Law
(IHL).
d. Do not allow your children, especially those below 18 years old, to train
for and participate in battle.
During the Armed Conflict.

a. Should there be an evacuation, start with the children, the elderly, the sick and the
disabled.
b. Coordinate with your community leaders to ensure an orderly evacuation.
c. Remain at the evacuation centers until told otherwise by the agencies concerned.
d. Inform the authorities concerned about problems you and your family may be
experiencing at the evacuation center.
e. Do not bring firearms with you to avoid mistaken for a participant in the armed
conflict.
f. Line up for relief goods in an orderly manner.
g. Bring instances of IHL violations like torture, harassment, or murder of
civilians to the attention of the agencies concerned.

After the Armed Conflict

a. Find out whether battles between combatants in your area are over.
b. Return to your communities only when allowed by proper authorities.
c. Carefully search your community for weapons or unexploaded bombs left by
the armed groups. Do not touch or attempt to move these. Instead,
immediately notify the agencies concerned.
 COMPOSITION OF NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT COUNCIL.

The lead agency of NDRRMC are as follows:

1. Chairperson-Secretary of the Department of National Defense (DND)

2.V-Chairperson for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
3. Secretary of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
4.V-Chairperson of Disaster Preparedness
5. Secretary of the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG)
6.V-Chairperson for Disaster Response
 COMPOSITION OF NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT COUNCIL.

7. Secretary of the Department of Social Welfare

and Development (DSWD)
8.V-Chairperson for Rehabilitation and Recovery
9. Director-General of the National Economic
and Development Authority (NEDA)