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Amy Cha
Laura Collins
Brad Robertson
Satellites Overview
History
How Satellites Work
Satellite Frequency Bands and Antennas
Orbit Distance, Pros & Cons, Applications
Types: Low-Earth-Orbit (LEOs)
Medium-Earth-Orbit (MEOs)
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Geostationary (GEOs)
Satellite Tracking System (J-Tracker, J-Pass)
History of Satellites
The First Satellites
The theory of satellites was simple enough - shoot something out into space
at the right speed and on the correct trajectory and it will stay up there,
orbiting Earth, for years - if not forever.
If the orbit is the right distance in space the satellite will keep pace with the
rotation of the Earth.
The signals were coming from Russia's Sputnik 1, the world's first man-
made satellite.
It carried the first live two-way satellite call between heads of state
when President John F. Kennedy in Washington, D.C., telephoned
Nigerian Prime Minister Abubaker Balewa in Africa.
Early Bird didn't have a battery - and worked only when its solar
panels were exposed to the sun.
History of Satellites
Later communications satellites
C-Band Ku-Band
Most commonly used bands: C-band (4 to 8 GHz) , Ku-
band (11 to 17 GHz) , and Ka-band (20 to 30 GHz ).
Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO)
Altitude (375-1000 miles)
Revolution time: 90 min - 3 hours.
Advantages:
Reduces transmission delay
Eliminates need for bulky
receiving equipment.
Disadvantages:
Smaller coverage area.
Shorter life span (5-8 yrs.)
than GEOs (10 yrs).
Subdivisions: Little, Big, and Mega
(Super) LEOs.
Little LEOs Applications
0.8 GHz range
Small, low-cost
Vehicle tracking,
environmental monitoring
and two-way data
communication. Used for
short, narrowband
communications.
Big LEOs Applications
2 GHz or above range
Coverage to 40% of
planet per satellite.
Basics of GEOs
Geostationary satellites are commonly used for
communications and weather-observation.
NASA J-Tracker
NASA J-Pass
Conclusion
History
How Satellites Work
Satellite Frequency Bands and Antennas
Orbit Distance, Pros & Cons, Applications
Types: Low-Earth-Orbit (LEOs)
Medium-Earth-Orbit (MEOs)
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Geostationary (GEOs)
Satellite Tracking System (J-Tracker, J-Pass)
Questions ???
Sources
How Do Satellites Work? By William More Space Debris
Cook, 1996 What is Medium Earth Orbit?
The Living Earth – Earth View About GPS
Advanced Communications Global Positioning Overview
Technology Satellite (ACTS) What is GPS?
Stevens – Low Earth Orbiting LEO Geo Satellites
CompassRose International Geostationary Operational
Publications – Introduction to Environmental Satellites
Global Satellite Systems
GMS - Geostationary Meteorological
searchNetworking.com Definitions - Satellites
Satellite
GOES - Information on the GOES
LEO Illustration Data Collection System
HST Project Science Office Feng Yun 2
Hubble Picture NASA: J-Tracker
Hubble Image
Space Debris