Multimedia Systems Design

Contents

 Introduction

 Multimedia elements
 Multimedia applications

 Multimedia systems architecture

 Introduction
Definitions and terminologies
Multimedia:
It is an ideal language for communication

It is any integrated combination of text, art/images, sound,

animation and video delivered by computer or other electronic or
digitally manipulated means.

A Multimedia system is characterized by computer controlled,

integrated production, manipulation, presentation, storage and
communication of independent information, which is encoded at least
through a continuous and a discrete medium.
 Introduction
Definitions and terminologies
If the user has control over the multimedia presentation then it
becomes a non-linear and Interactive Multimedia presentation.
Applications that involve more than conventional data types
Multimedia is a computer-based interactive communication
process that incorporates text, graphics, sound, animation, and video
Hypertext:
Text which contains links to other texts/web pages or other
media.
It allows a nonlinear way of navigation through the content.
 Introduction
Definitions and terminologies
Hypermedia:
Media having links to other media.
All the web based applications and web sites are hypermedia
based.

Applications
• CBT and WBT
• Digital video editing and
production systems
• Electronic
Newspapers/Magazines
• Games
• Home shopping
• Interactive TV
Introduction
• Multimedia courseware
• Video/Audio
conferencing
• Video-on-demand
• Virtual reality
• Digital Libraries
• Games
• Multimedia authoring
 Introduction
Advantages
• Increase in Retention rate
• Reduced production costs
• Ease of use and development
• Better way of communication
• Increase in cognition levels
• Can be used by a wide section of target users
• Utilizes the power of E-delivery platforms
• Convergence of computers, telecom, and TV
• Collaboration, virtual environments, and web casting
 Introduction
Challenges and complexity
• For example video conferencing requires a combination of
technologies, including communications, high-resolution display
systems, and storage and rapid dissemination of multidimensional
objects consisting of text, image, voice, audio, and full-motion
video components.
• The system will have to understand and know how to interpret and
combine data elements of various types and be able to present it to
the user in the desired mode set by the user.
• Groupware systems( to allow a number of office workers to work
together on the same information)
• High bandwidth requirements.
 Introduction
Some more….
• Multimedia meant a combination of text with document images
• New application areas include
Medical applications
Real-estate on-line video clips with property descriptions
multimedia help and training material
security systems for employee identification
Elements Multimedia elements
• Fascimile
• Document images
• Photographic images
• Geographic information systems maps
• Voice commands and voice synthesis
• Audio messages
• Video messages
• Full-motion stored and live video
• Holographic images
• fractals
Document imaging Multimedia applications
• The fundamental concepts of storage, compression, and
decompression and display technologies used for multimedia
systems were developed for document image management.
• Document imaging makes it possible to store, retrieve, and
manipulate very large volumes of drawings, documents and other
graphical representations of data.
• A compression efficiency of over 20:1 is considered highly
desirable for document images for most office systems.
• For high-resolution images, processing of the order of 10 pixels/ns
is considered adequate for monochrome still images.
Image processing Multimedia applications
and Image recognition
• Image processing involves image recognition, image enhancement,
image synthesis, and image reconstruction.
• Image enhancement includes image calibration, real-time
alignment, gray-scale normalization, RGB hue intensity
adjustment, Color separation, Frame averaging.
• Image animation – scanned images can be displayed sequentially
at controlled display speeds
• Image annotation – as a text file stored along with the image. The
annotation is overlaid over the original image for display purposes.
• OCR is used for data entry by scanning typed or printed words in a
form.
Image processing Multimedia applications
and Image recognition
• Handwriting recognition – ability to recognize writer-independent
continuous cursive handwriting accurately in real time. Two
factors are important; strokes or shapes being entered and the
velocity of input or the vectoring that is taking place.
• The strokes are parsed and processed by a shape recognizer that
tries to determine the geometry and topology of the strokes. It
attempts to compare it to existing shapes, such as predefined
characters. Then the word may be checked against a dictionary.
• Non-textual image recognition: uses facial expressions, posture,
and gestures which represent important input.
Full motion digital video Multimedia applications
applications

E-mail
Business
Training and On-Line applications
manuals reference Video
conferencing

CD-ROM presentations
interactive
training
demos
Video karaoke
Pay-per-view
CD-ROM newspapers Interactive TV
interactive games
Games and Entertainment
Full motion digital video Multimedia applications
applications
• Full-motion video clips should be sharable but should have only
one sharable copy
• It should be possible to attach full-motion video clips to other
documents such as memos, chapter text, presentations, and so on.
• Users should be able to take sections of a video clip and combine
the sections with sections from other video clips to form their own
new video clip
• All the normal features of a VCR metaphor, such as, rewind,
FF,play and search etc should be available.
• Users should be able to search to the beginning of a specific scene,
that is , the full-motion video clip should be indexed.
Full motion digital video
Multimedia applications
applications
• Users should be able to place their own indexing marks to locate
segments in the video clip.
• It should be possible to view the same clip on a variety of display
terminal types with varying resolution capabilities without the
need for storing multiple copies in different formats.
• It should be possible for users to move and resize the window
displaying the video clip.
• The users should be able to adjust the contrast and brightness of
the video clip and also adjust the volume of the associated sound.
• Users should be able to suppress sound or mix sound from other
sources.
• When video clips are spliced, then sound components are also
spliced automatically.
Electronic messaging Multimedia applications
• Message store and forward facility
• Message transfer agents to route messages to their final
destinations across various nodes in a multilevel network.
• Message repositories (servers) where users may store them just as
they would store documents in a filing cabinet
• Repositories for dense multimedia components such as images,
video frames, audio messages and full-motion video clips.
• Ability for multiple electronic hypermedia messages to share the
same multimedia components residing in various repositories on
the enterprise network.
• Dynamic access and transaction managers to allow multiple users
to access, edit, and print these multimedia messages.
Electronic messaging Multimedia applications
• Local and global directories to locate users and servers across an
enterprise network
• Automatic database sync of dynamic electronic messaging
databases.
• Automatic protocol conversions and data format conversions
• Administrative tools to manage enterprise wide networks.
A universal multimedia Multimedia applications
application
• An application that manipulates data types that can be combined in
a document, displayed on a screen, or printed with no special
manipulations that the user needs to perform
• Full motion video messages
• Viewer interactive live video
• Audio and video indexing
 Multimedia systems
architecture
APPLICATIONS

Graphical user Multimedia extensions

Interface

Operating system Software drivers Multimedia driver

support

System-Hardware Add-On multimedia

(Multimedia-Enabled) devices and peripherals
 Multimedia systems
architecture
High resolution graphics display
VGA mixing
VGA mixing with scaling
Dual-buffered VGA mixing/scaling

The IMA architectural framework

It is based on defining interfaces to a multimedia interface bus. The
multimedia interface bus would be the interface between systems and
multimedia sources and would provide streaming I/O services,
including filters and translators.
Network architecture for Multimedia systems
multimedia systems architecture
The network congestion can be attributed to a combination of the following causes
• Increased computing power of the desktop systems, workstations, and
PC’s and their ability to run multiple applications concurrently.
• Business needs for more complex networks for a larger variety of data
transmissions including voice, data, and video messages
• Increased traffic loads on existing backbone networks.
• Use of client server architectures for a wide range of applications
• Graphics-intensive applications
• Voice and video based multimedia applications that require large volumes
of data storage.
• Number of users accessing the network
Network architecture for Multimedia systems
multimedia systems architecture
Task based multilevel networking – Higher class of service require
more expensive components in the workstations as well as in the
servers supporting the workstation applications. If we adjust the class
of service to the specific requirements of the user it is task based
multi-level networking
High speed server to server links – duplication and replication
Networking standards
ATM, FDDI
 A Course-on-Demand System
On-line facilitator

Courseware
developer

Multimedia Network
Database
Database server

user
 A Course-on-Demand System

Authoring Metadata
Tool DB

Integration Software
DB Application
Java Client

Network

User Server
Interface Media
Server
THANK YOU