Hepatitis

K.Hemadevi
19PGZ008
 Synopsis

• Introduction
• Types of hepatitis
acute hepatitis, chornic ,non viral, viral
• viral hepatitis A,B,C,D,E,G
• Agent,host,period of incubation, risk
factor,symptoms,mode of
transmission,diagnosis,preventation,
treatment
• Summary
• References
 Introduction

• Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver.

• Virus ,drugs uses cause the hepatitis
• The body mistakenly attacks healthy cells in
liver-auto immune disease
• Liver - It performed many functions-
processing the nutrients , produce bile to help
digest the protein, synthesis the proteins,
detoxification
 Types of hepatitis
• Hepatitis is caused by virus A,B,C,D,E,G.
• A each different virus caused the viral hepatitis.
• Acute hepatitis-contagious disease caused by
HCV,HBV spread through blood and body fluids.
Short term viral infection. Small window period of
time express the illness and symptoms of HCV.
• Chronic hepatitis-hepatitis B,C enters through the
body, cause the infection in the liver. Stop the liver
function by inflammation.
 Non viral hepatitis
• Toxic hepatitis-chemical drugs
• Alcoholic hepatitis-alcohol caused the
hepatitis
• Autoimmuno hepatitis-immune system attack
the liver. Disease causing inflammation, liver
cancer, liver failure
Hepatitis A virus
 Hepatitis A virus
• Epidemiology agents
• Agent-RNA virus,picornavirus family
• Host-human
• Periods of infection-2 weeks before to 1 week
after onset of jaundice
• Infective material- consuming the
contaminated water or food by feces.
• Host factors- age-all ages peoples,sex-
both,risk-inject illegal drugs,living the
HAV+,being HIV positive
• Incubation period-25-30 days
• Symptoms-flu like symptoms,abdominal
pain,loss of appetite,weight loss,jaundice
• mode of transmission- oral route-contaminated
food or water by feces, paternal route-
contaminated needles
• Diagnosis method-immuno -electron microscopy
(antigen-antibody detection),
biochemical test-alanine amino transfersae test
detection of antibody by ELISA test,molecular
diagnosis-RT PCR
• Preventation method-hygenic mesausre of
sanitation methods
• Vaccination-gamma globin and inactivated
vaccines
• Treatment-nonspecfic method,maitain a healthy
diet,drink uncontaminated water
Hepatitis B virus
 Hepatitis B virus
• Epideomology
• Agent-Hepadnavirus
• Host-human
• Infective material-contaminated blood,body
secretion(saliva,vaginal secreation,semen)
• Host factor- age-acute form-fulimiant failure
chronic form-blood fluids transmitted the virus
• Risk factors-mothers with chronic HBV,people
with multiple sex partner,hemophillia
• Immunity-HBsAg,HBCAg
• Incubation period-45-80 days
•symptoms-fatigue, joint muscle pain,fever,abdominal
discomfort
•Mode of transmissin-drug abusers,healthy
workers,sex workers,the mother haveHBV+ transmit
to their offsprings
•Dioganosis-HBsAg,Anti-HBs,Anti -HBC,-(IgM,IgG),liver
chemistry test-alanine tranferase test,alkaline
phosphate test,bilirubin;immunoperoxidase
staining,liverbiopsy-stage of chornic hepatitis
•Preventation –recombinant vaccines, screening the
blood and body fluids
•Treatment-interferon Alpha,lamivudine drug,hepsera
Hepatitis C virus
 Hepatitis C virus
• Epidemiology
• Agent-Flavivirus, single strand RNA
• Host-humans
• Incubation period-40-120 days
• Host factors-acute-spread with blood and body
fluids; chornic-the virus enters the body and spread
the disease
• Risk factors-drug usage,hemodialysis
patients,recepients of blood products,infected
mother to child
• Mode of transmission-drug usage,by blood product
• Symptoms-fever, dark urine, abdominal pain,
jaundice
•Diagnosis-ELISA test for antibody,anti viral therapy
response analyzed in PCR method, enzyme
immuno assay for antigen
•Preventation-screening of blood, organ screening
tests.
• vaccination-no specific agents
• Treatment-combination of highly active anti viral
drugs(interferon's),ribavirin
Hepatitis D virus
 Hepatitis D virus
• Epideomology
• Agent-single strand RNA virus(sub viral satellite
byHBV)
• Host-humans
• Incubation period-2-12 weeks
• Risk factor-liver failure, liver cancer, infected
hepatitisB,blood transfusion by infected patients
• Mode of transmission-direct contact of blood and
body fluids
• Symptoms-fever, jaundice,vomitting
• Clinical feature-HBV and HDV infected same
time;HDV infection occurs in HBV patient
Diagnosis- immunoflorescence by ELISA test by anti
delta, IgM antibody-appears of infection in 2-3
weeks.
Preventation-vaccine forHBV,stop the drug usage,
use the uncontaminated needles
Treatment-no specific treatment, use the high
dosage interferon
Hepatitis E virus
 Hepatitis E virus
• Epidemiological agents
• Agent-single strand RNA virus,hepavirus
• Host-pigs,humans
• Incubation period-2-9 weeks
• Mode of transmission-fecal contamination of water
supply and food
• Risk factor-blood products
• Symptoms-jaundice,acute liver failure,fever,joint
pain
• Diagnosis-ELISA test for IgG,IgM antibodies using
recombinant and synthetic peptide antigens
• Preventation-avoid drinking contaminated water,
uncooked shell fish, pork
• Treatment-ribavirin drug
Hepatitis G virus
 Hepatitis G virus
• Epidemiological agents
• Agent-flaviviridae family, single strand RNA virus
• Host-human
• Incubation period-14-20 days
• Mode of transmission-transmitted infect blood
products, contaminated items sharing with infected
persons
• Risk factor- recipients infected blood
products,hemodialysis patients
• Symptoms-jaundice, loss of appitite,abdominal pain
• Diagnosis-molecular method-RNA serum identified
RT-PCR method
• Preventation – screening blood and blood
products,use sterile needles
• Treatment-no specific treatment
 summary
• The discover the drugs are able to suppress
and cure the viral hepatitis.
• Increase the awareness for infected
population
 References

• Harvey Richard .A, Champe

Piamda.C,lippinocott's illustrated
reviwes,microbiology,second edition
• www.webmed.com
• www.medicinet.com
• www.healthline.com
THANK YOU