Submitted to:- Submitted by:-

MR. KAMLESH KUMAR SURAJDEV PANDEY

CSE DEPT. 1642210093
 A
present a t i o n on
summer tr ai ni ng
taken a t
AT
bsn l
Company Profile
Introduction
Exchange
MDF
OCB
GSM
Conclusion
Type: State-Owned Enterprise

Head Quarter's New Delhi

Key People: Mr. PRAVI N KUMAR PURWAR (Chairman & MD)

Established: Oct 2000

Owner: Govt. Of India

Today, BSNL is the No. 1 telecommunication company andthe
largest public sector undertaking of India and its responsibilities
includes improvement of the already impeccable quality of telecom
services, expansion of telecom services in all villages and cities
Equipment which effects interconnection of
telephones is known as switching equipment. The
switching centre, which houses the terminating and
switching equipment is called telephone exchange.
1. All telephone subscribers are served by automatic exchanges.
2. Today’s automatic exchanges uses a pair of computers.
 One, running the program that providesservices.

 Second, monitoring the operation of the first, ready to take over in a few

seconds in the event of equipment failure.

Various exchanges present in BSNL are:

> OCB
> EWSD
Typical exchange consist of:

 Switch Room
 Operations and Maintenance(OMC) Room
 Input Output processor (IOP) Room
 Power Plant Room
 Battery Room
 Main Distribution Frame(MDF) Room
POWER PLANT:
SWITCHING ROOM :

Switch room consists of BM and CM cabinets

mounted in standard switch.

These cabinets are fastened to a switch Room and

interconnected by cables.
Main Distribution Frame is a signal distribution frame or a
cable rack used in telephony to interconnect and manage
telecommunication between itself and any number of
intermediate distribution frame and cabling from the
telephone network it supports
RACK: -On the rack, the tags are situated. One rack is having eight tags.The
counting is done from up (0) to down (7).

TAGS: -Each rack consists of eight tags.

1 tag = 4core
1 core = 4 bunch
1 bunch = 2 line

N.E.:-The word NE stands for the ‘NUMBER OF EQUIPMENT’.

It is used for testing number .

WEDGE: Wedge is used as a device for checking the ring. Wedge is placed in
jack strips, which is connected to telephone for checking.
HORIZONTAL SIDE:

The horizontal side connected to the underground cable.

This cable is having 100 pairs. These pair is distributed
when we allot the telephone number to the subscriber .

Horizontal side is again subdivided in two parts:

One part is connected with the vertical side.

Another with the subscriber line by using 100 pair underground
cable.
The new switching systems are based on Stored Program Control
concept. The call processing programmers are distributed over
different control organs of the system and are stored in ROM/RAM
of the units Processor in the control units .
Features:
It is a digital switching system.
 The system supports all the existing signaling system .
The system has ‘auto recovery’ feature. When a serious
fault occur in control unit, it gives a message to SMM
(operation & maintenanceunit).
Global System for Mobile Communication

GSM is an ETSI standard for 2G Pan-European

digital cellular with international roaming
• 2G GSM networks operate in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz
bands.

•GSM-900 uses 890–915 MHz to send information from

the mobile station to the base station (uplink)

• 935–960 MHz for the other direction (downlink),

 Mobile Equipment (ME)
 Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
 Base Station controller (BSC)
 Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
 Mobile services Switching Center (MSC)
 Home Location Register (HLR)
 Authentication Centre (AuC)
 Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
 Visitor Location Register (VLR)
 Public Switch Telephone Network (PSTN)
•MS refers to the physical
phone itself.
•uniquely identified by the
International Mobile
Equipment Identity (IMEI)
number.
•Sim is small smart card that
is inserted into the phone and
carries information specific to
the subscriber
•carry out radio communications
between the network and the MS

•handles speech encoding,

encryption, multiplexing (TDMA),
and modulation/demodulation
•allocation of radio channels

•frequency administration

•power and signal measurements

from the MS,

•handovers from one BTS to

another
•call routing, call setup, and basic
switching functions

•inter-BSC handoffs as well as

coordinates with other MSC's for
inter-MSC handoffs.
• gateway between two
networks

•switch to the Public Switched

Telephone Network (PSTN).
During this summer training period at T D M B A L LI A , I
come to know about the various telecommunication
equipment and technologies used earlier , or which are
currently in use such as GSM 3G & CDMA, switching
systems of OCB & CDOT and data communication
systems with Internet nodes , Wi-Fi equipment, IP VPN.

Basically I have discussed the GSM and the telephone

exchange to give an overview to understand the
telecommunication system.