Compressors

Basic Classification and design overview

Group Members
Roll No. Name
 BMTF16M003 Muhammad Zakir
 BMTF16M004 Abdul Rehman
 BMTF16M005 Muhammad Salman
 BMTF16M009 Muhammad Adnan
 BMTF16M014 Raza Ullah
 What is compressor?
A compressor is a mechanical device that increases
the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume.
It is widely used in industries and has various
applications.
How they are different from pumps?
Major difference is that compressors handle the gases and pumps
handle the liquids.
As gases are compressible, the compressor also reduces the volume
of gas.
Liquids are relatively incompressible; while some can be
compressed.
 What are its applications?
Compressors have many everyday uses, such as in :

 Air conditioners, (car, home)

 Home and industrial refrigeration

 Hydraulic compressors for industrial machines

 Air compressors for industrial manufacturing

 What are its various types?
Compressor classification can be described by following flow chart:
 What are dynamic compressors?
The Dynamic compressors use impellers or blades to accelerate a
gas and then convert that velocity into pressure.
Dynamic compressors are more commonly used than positive
displacement compressors.

It is widely used in chemical and petroleum refinery industry for

specific services.

There are two types of dynamic compressors

 Centrifugal Compressor
 Axial Flow Compressor
 Centrifugal Compressor
Centrifugal compressors are a dynamic type compressor.

As the gas moves from the center of the impeller toward the
outer tip, the velocity is greatly increased.
 Centrifugal Compressor
 When the gas leaves the impeller and enters the volute, the
velocity is converted to pressure .

 As the impeller speed increases, velocity increases. As

velocity increases, pressure increases. As pressure increases
flow increases.

 Centrifugal compressors may be single stage or multistage.

 Axial flow compressor
 Axial compressors are dynamic type compressors in which
the flow of gas is axial (in a straight line along the shaft).
 Rotation of the shaft and its attached rotor blades causes
flow to be directed axially along the shaft building higher
pressure toward the discharge of the unit.
 Axial flow compressor

 The energy level of air or gas flowing through it is increased

by the action of the rotor blades which exert a torque on the
fluid.
 The main components of an axial compressor include the
housing (casing), inlet and outlet, rotor and stator blades, shaft
and inlet guide vanes.
 What are positive displacement
compressors?
A positive displacement compressor is a system which
compresses the air by the displacement of a mechanical linkage
reducing the volume.
It can be further classified according to the mechanism used to
move air.
 Rotary Compressor
 Reciprocating compressor
 Reciprocating compressor
It is a positive-displacement compressor that

 Uses pistons driven by a crankshaft to

deliver gases at high pressure.

The intake gas enters the suction manifold,

then flows into the compression cylinder.

It gets compressed by a piston driven in a

reciprocating motion via a crankshaft.

Discharged at higher pressure.

 Rotary compressors
The gas is compressed by the rotating
action of a roller inside a cylinder.

The roller rotates off-centre around a shaft

so that part of the roller is always in contact
with the cylinder.

 Volume of the gas occupies is reduced and

the refrigerant is compressed.

High efficient as sucking and

compressing refrigerant occur
simultaneously.
 Rotary Compressors:
 Scroll Compressor
 A scroll compressor has one fixed scroll which remains
stationary and another moving or orbiting scroll that rotates
through the use of swing link.
 When this happens the pockets of air or gas between the two
scroll are slowly pushed to the center
of the two scroll, causing the
reduction of the volume of the air or gas.
 Rotary Compressors:
 Screw Compressor
• Two screws rotate intermeshing with each other, thus trapping air
between the screws and the compressor casing forming pockets
which progressively travel and gets squeezed and delivering it at a
higher pressure which opens the delivery valve.
 Rotary Compressors:
 Lobe Compressor
• The Lobe type air compressor is very simpler type with no
complicated moving parts.
• There are single or twin lobes attached to the drive shaft driven by
the prime mover.
 The lobes are displaced by 90 degrees. Thus if one of the
lobes is in horizontal position, the other at that particular
instant will be in vertical position.
 Thus the air gets trapped in between these lobes and as they
rotate they get compressed and delivered to the delivery line.
Thank You