ENGLISH CLAUSE COMPLEX

paratactic (1,2,3…): and, but, so (that), or

, (,), (;), direct speech
eg: His mother is a doctor and his mother
is a lawyer
inter- Take it or leave it
dependence He is clever, but a bit selfish
Simplex
(1 process)
hypotactic (α,β,γ,δ…): after, before, as,
major when, if, etc., indirect speech
(process) e.g: After having locked the door, she
Complex rushed hurrily.
clause (more than They went to the party although
1 processes) were tired

minor locution (“): verbal projection

(no process) eg: They said: “ We’re tired”
They said that they were tired
projection
logico-
semantics idea (‘): mental projection
eg: They believed that they
were right

expansion elaboration (=)

eg: He is clever, he can do it.
She’s good, which’s how
she won.
extension (+): add, alter,
oppose
e.g: She’s clever, but a bit
selfish.
He spoke well, except that
he ignored the press
enhancement (x):time, reason,
purpose, condition, concession
eg: He finished, and then he
shooked her hand.
After he had finished, he
Shooked her hand.
 Procedure of analysis
• Cut the clause complex into simplexes.
• If the clause contains only two clauses, then identify the interdependence:
paratactic or hypotactic and provide the symbol. After that, identify the logico-
semantic or the meaning of the relation: projection or expansion.
• If the clause contains more than two clauses, then find the main logico-
semantics: projection or expansion. Then analyze the interdependence and the
logico-semantic relation. After that, analyze the rest of the clauses by doing the
same analysis.
 Example of analysis
1. They said: “We’re tired.”
1 1a. They said:
“2 1b. “ We’re tired”

2. he spoke well except that he ignored the press.

α 2a. He spoke well,
+β 2b. except that he ignored the press

3. She’s good, which’s how she won

α 3a. She’s good, which’s how
=β 3b. she won

4. Marian said: “It could be dangerous if it id not managed wisely.”

1 4a. Marian said:
α “2 4b. “it could be dangerous
xβ 4c. if it isn’t managed wisely.”
• Stay in the bath until the phone rings.
• Both the cockroach and the bird would get along very well without us,
although the cockroach would miss us most.
• Leave while you can.
• When a distinguished but elderly scientist states that something is possible,
he is almost certainly right. When he states that something is impossible, he is
very probably wrong.
• We can never obtain peace in the outer world until we make peace with
ourselves.
• Wise men speak because they have something to say. Fools speak because
they have to say something.
• Even though he's a moron, I supported Tyson Fury.
• The human brain never stops working until you stand up to speak in public.
• I always wanted to be somebody, but I should have been more specific.
• I stopped believing in Santa Claus when he asked for my autograph in a
department store, but I still want to believe in him.