Definition of Terms

 It
is a practical science. It is based on moral reasons
which deals with human acts and the rightness and
wrongness of the act.
 It is practical because it gives directions.

 It is a science because it is governed by a

systematized body of knowledge that can be used,
practiced and applied in our day-to-day living.
 It is moral because it is based on reasons, on what
and how it should be.
 It is human act because it directs and regulates the
actions and determines whether it is right or
wrong.
Itis a division of ethics that relates to
human life or the ethics of life
sciences and health care, both
delivery and research.
An ethics applied to life
 Ex. The decision about
abortion or
euthanasia
It is a branch of
science which deals
with the study of the
living organisms
which include man.
It is the division of ethics that
relates to human health.
It is also considered ethics for the
health profession.
It is more limited as it confines
itself to the moral behavior in
relation to health.
Itrefers to ethical issues that
occurs in nursing practice.
 Ex. ANA Standard of Professional
Performance
Philippine Nurses Code of Ethics
It
is the division of
ethics that relates to
professional behavior
arewritten set of
guidelines issued by an
organization to its workers
and management with its
primary values and ethical
standards
ETHICS
comes from a Greek word
ETHOS which means “CUSTOM” or
“CHARACTER”

The Greeks believed that developing

character would lead one not only to
KNOWING the right thing to do, but
actually DOING the right thing and living
the right way of life.
Itis the theory of right conduct or
the Philosophy of Morals

Itis the standard of character set

by a particular society of men
ETHICS is the study of the
methods and principles
used to distinguish good
from bad, right from wrong
actions.
The difference between
ETHICS and MORALITY
MORALITY comes from the
Latin word “mos” or “moris”
which means “CUSTOM”

Other name of Ethics is

MORAL PHILOSOPHY
If MORALITY is the practice of ethics,
Then MORALITY should be called
APPLIED ETHICS.

While ETHICS provides principles or

bases of right or wrong actions,
MORALITY then actualizes the theory.
ETHICSoutlines theories of right
and wrong actions,

MORALITY is nothing else but a

DOING OF ETHICS
Identification: Identify what term/s is defined
in each number.
 It is also considered as
“Ethics of life”.
Considered as
applied ethics.
Branch of philosophy that
deals with distinction
between right and wrong –
with the moral
consequences of human
actions.
The rules and standards
governing the conduct of
a person or the members
of a profession.
The scientific
study of life and of
living organisms.
A set of principles of
right conduct or a
motivation based on
ideas of right and wrong.
 The study of human
actions of allied health
professionals with regards
to human life and towards
the patient.
These are written set of
guidelines issued by an
organization to its workers
and management with its
primary values and ethical
standards
Itis a natural science
concerned with the study of
life and living organisms,
including their structure,
function, growth, evolution,
distribution, identification
and taxonomy.
It
refers to ethical issues
that occurs in nursing
practice
To consider how to maintain
respect for and protection of
the individual in light of our
expanding knowledge of the
life science and their
application.
To address the perennial ethical problems,
issues, dilemmas, confronting health
workers.
To address legal problems to health care
with ethical concerns.
To address the challenge of modern
technology
To enhance professional development and
ethical values of the health professionals.
Every human person has an
inner worth and inherent
dignity.
He possesses not because of
what he has or what he does
but because of what he is.
As a person, he must be
respected regardless of the
nature of his health,
problem, social status,
competence, past actions
or experiences.
 The patient remains always a
person with dignity, and must
be treated with all respect. His
rights, must at all times, should
not be violated.
 Thinking/Knowing
Soul Intellect
the truth

Body Will
Choosing the good

 To “will” something, one has to know beforehand.

 Man cannot choose or act unless he knows which
is a “better” good
 When a person chooses to according to what he
knows is right - he acts freely.
 Only man is capable of acting free – HUMAN ACTS
 But the intellect does not always determine the will.
 Thinking/Knowing
Soul Intellect
the truth

Body Will
Choosing the good

When is an act is freely done?

1. Under the control of the WILL – it is the power tending
toward, choosing, adhering to and talking pleasure in a
GOOD KNOWN BY THE INTELLECT – Voluntary.
2. We do thing because we want to, we own the decision
and the action
3. We face the consequence of our actions/decisions – we
face it with full responsibility.
 Proceeds from intellect and will
 Based on reason which the will followed
 When man makes decisions, he is free.
 Man is accountable for what he is doing because he
is CONSCIOUS of what he is doing, why he is
doing it and how he is doing it.
Results in
DECISIONS ACTIONS CONSEQUENCES
Faced with
Sense of Responsibility
“You shall know the truth…......

…and the truth shall make you

free!”
Are actions that proceed from
the deliberate free will of man.
It also refers to any activity
performed by man.
 Man makes responsibility of
these actions
Essential
qualities / Elements
of Human acts
 Knowledge of the acts
 Freedom
 Voluntariness
Actions do not require man’s rationality.
Like beating of the heart, perception,
blood circulations in the body, digestion
of food
All actions happen within the body are
not human acts because they occur
without the control of the will and the
consciousness of the human mind.
These actions do not only mean actions
that happen inside the body but also
those that occur outside the body that are
done without the knowledge and free will.

Example: infants, insane, morons,

walking while sleeping.
Essential qualities of Acts of Man
Done without knowledge
Without consent
Involuntary
KNOWLEDGE

FREEDOM

VOLUNTARINESS
Knowledge
Doing an act with knowledge
makes the acts deliberate
The person who performs an act,
has awareness about the means
to employ as he performs an act.
FREEDOM
An act done with freedom
means that the person does
an act under the control of his
will.
VOLUNTARINESS
Requires the presence of the two other
constituents (knowledge and freedom)
Requires the presence of knowledge
and freedom in a person because the
person to will the act must have
knowledge of what the act is and must
have freedom
1. Differentiate Human Acts and Acts of
Man. Give some examples. (10 points)

2. Choose one (1) Issue and explain why

it is considered ethical/immoral when
you do it? (10 ppoints)
 Abortion
 Euthanasia
 IVF
 Organ transplant
 Suicide