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D ● E ● S ● A ● I ● N ● I ● N ● T ● E ● R ● I ● O ● R - MINGGU KE 01
 INTRODUCTION TO INTERIOR DESIGNING

• Essentially, the art of Interior Designing can be traced back to PREHISTORIC

HUMANS.

• The cave men used to DECORATE their living spaces with basic drawings.

• Designing and decorating is a PRIMAL INSTINCT OF HUMAN INTELLIGENCE.

ELEMENTS OF INTERIOR DESIGN

1. LINE
2. SPACE
3. FORM
4. SHAPE 5. TEXTURE
6. COLOR
7. LIGHT
8. TIME.
 LINE
• We may see a representation of a
line as something drawn or placed
in a space, or we may understand
it as a visual composition that
leads our eyes through a room.

• Lines inspire diverse mental

emotions, like horizontal lines
convey a more relaxed feeling
while Vertical lines may evoke a
feeling of more formality.

• Being aware of the lines both used

and created in our spaces and all
other aspects of our designs will
help us to understand the subtle
messages we are communicating.
 SPACE

• Space is three-dimensional element, and is defined by either physical or

visual boundaries.

• Based on the events within the boundaries, we can manipulate space.

• How is the inside space related to the outside space? Are there visual
relationships as well as physical relationships? Each of these questions must
be carefully considered as we create spaces for ourselves and our clients.
 SHAPE AND FORM

• Shape is a two-dimensional
element that has only length
and width and occurs on
one plane.

• Some common shapes

would include a square,
circle, rectangle, and star.

• Other shapes are more free-

formed and convey specific
messages within our designs.
 SHAPE AND FORM

• Form is a three-dimensional element that has length, width and depth.

• Probably the most common form we as designers work with is the rectangular
box, since this is the form of most of the spaces we are presented with.

• Different psychological messages can be conveyed to clients and the users

of our spaces creating more original forms for our enclosed rooms.

• Forms are typically understood as either hollow (as in the room) or solid (as in
a piece of sculpture), and each is important to consider as we make choices
throughout our designs.
 TEXTURE

• Texture, is both a visual and

tactile element, meaning
that we experience
different materials as soon
as we see them by visually
understanding what they
should feel like.

• Then when we actually

touch the materials, we
experience the texture.
 COLOR AND LIGHT

• The elements of Color and Light are the most inter-dependant ones.

• Changes in one will create changes in the other and colors viewed under
different light sources will change.

• First the light source needs to be chosen and then the colors must be chosen
accordingly.

• Special care should be taken when using light sources such as fluorescent
(neon) and incandescent (pijar) as they give off different colors of light.

• Best way to learn is to start noticing the different types of light sources as you
go into diverse environments.

• Try and observe colors under each different type of light.

 TIME

• Time effects Materials, styles, colors and forms.

• While designing spaces, we must be aware of these changes to design

spaces that will remain pleasing over long periods.

• Another trait for a good interior designer is to understand how changes within
a space over the course of a day, month, and year
PRINCIPLES OF INTERIOR DESIGN

1. RHYTHM
2. BALANCE
3. UNITY
4. HARMONY
5. SCALE
6. EMPHASIS
 RHYTHM

• Rhythm in interior design carries the eye along a path at a pace that is
comfortable for the viewer.

• Rhythm can be found in the repetitive use of a color, pattern, texture, line or
even in furniture pieces.

• The primary goal of Rhythm in a space is to move the eye around the room
and keep interest flowing.

• Your eye should move easily around the room from one object to another
without being jarred or “tripped up” by any one object in particular.

• This can be achieved by utilizing the same colour or pattern at various

intervals to keep the eye moving throughout the room or by directing the eye
to various points through the use of similar forms or shapes.
 BALANCE

• Balance pertains to the visual weight of an object, not so much the actual
physical weight.

• It can be created with symmetry; mirroring one side of an area or room to

the other with furniture, artwork or accessories.

• Formal balance has symmetrical visual weights on either side.

• For example, you can put 2 identical vases on either end of a table to create
formal balance.

• Balance can also be created with an asymmetrical approach, informal

balance, by introducing objects or furnishings that off set an imbalanced
area in visual weight.
 UNITY AND HARMONY

• Unity and harmony is simply an orderly blend of lines, forms, colours, patterns
and textures.

• While unity refers to the carful avoidance of visual conflict, harmony assures
the assimilation of various elements and objects throughout the room to
create a unified whole.

• Unity describes the relationship between each of the various parts of a space
and how they relate to one another.

• Harmony can be achieved by thinking of the overall desired mood of the

space.
 SCALE

• Scale typically refers to a relationship between elements where there is a

known size of at least one of the objects.

• For example, a child-scaled room will typically have smaller objects and/or
furniture than an adult-scale room.

• Scale is one of the most difficult principles to master but done effectively, can
make the difference between a mediocre design and a brilliant one.

• While proportion is the ratio between the size of one object to another, scale
refers to how the size of that one object relates to another in context of the
overall space.
 EMPHASIS

• The emphasis of a room can be created by converging lines, contrasting

sizes, the colour and texture of various pieces in a room, or the arrangement
of furniture.

• Emphasis is crucial in bringing a sense of purpose to a room, lending a more

substantial feel and disputing the notion that the room is for decoration or
show only.