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Scores for aligned characters are specified by a similarity matrix. Here, S(i,j)
is the similarity of characters i and j. It uses a linear gap penalty, called ‘d’.
For example, if the similarity matrix was
A G C T
A 10 -1 -3 -4
G -1 7 -5 -3
C -3 -5 9 0
T -4 -3 0 8
•To find the alignment with the highest score, a two-dimensional array (or
matrix) is allocated. This matrix is often called the F matrix, and its (i,j)th
entry is often denoted Fij (j along horizontal axis and i along vertical axis)
•There is one column for each character in sequence A, and one row for
each character in sequence B.
•Thus, if we are aligning sequences of sizes n and m, the running time of the
algorithm is O(nm) and the amount of memory used is in O(nm).
•As the algorithm progresses, the Fij will be assigned to be the optimal score
for the alignment of the first j characters in A and the first i characters in B.