IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA

MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | SPECIAL TOPICS

IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | SPECIAL TOPICS
IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | SPECIAL TOPICS

INFLAMMATION
Hallmark of the innate immune response
 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | SPECIAL TOPICS

INFLAMMATION
• the overall reaction of the body to injury or invasion by certain
infectious agent.
• Series of biochemical and cellular changes that:
• Facilitate phagocytosis of invading microbes or damaged cells
• Produces a physical barrier to limit the spread of infection
• Promotes tissue repair
 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
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EVENTS IN INFLAMMATION
 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | SPECIAL TOPICS

EVENTS IN INFLAMMATION
 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | SPECIAL TOPICS

EVENTS IN INFLAMMATION
 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | SPECIAL TOPICS

EVENTS IN INFLAMMATION
 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | SPECIAL TOPICS

EVENTS IN INFLAMMATION
IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | SPECIAL TOPICS

PHAGOCYTOSIS
 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
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PHAGOCYTOSIS
• The cells of the innate are able to
recognize destructive molecular
structures that are synthesized by
foreign pathogens.
• Direct and Indirect Phagocytosis
 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
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PHAGOCYTOSIS
• Opsonin – “to prepare for eating” and
serum proteins that attached to a
foreign substance and help prepare it for
phagocytosis
• Phagocytes have Toll Like Receptors or
Primitive Pattern Recognition
 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
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STAGES
OF
PHAGOCYTOSIS
 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
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STAGES OF PHAGOCYTOSIS
• Neutrophil roll along by
means of diapedesis or
extravasation.
• Chemotaxis, attracted to
the site of inflammation
– CRP or Complement
Components; Negative
or Positive
 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
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STAGES OF PHAGOCYTOSIS

• Phagocytic cells come

into contact with the
foreign particle surface.
 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
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STAGES OF PHAGOCYTOSIS

• The cytoplasm closes

around the particle
forming phagosome
 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
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STAGES OF PHAGOCYTOSIS
• Lysosome and
phagosome will lead to
the formation of
phagolysosome which
later degranulation of
neutrophils.
 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
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STAGES OF PHAGOCYTOSIS
• An increase in oxygen
consumption, occurs
within the cell as the
pseudopodia enclose
the particle within a
vacuole
 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
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STAGES OF PHAGOCYTOSIS
• 1st Mechanism –
formation of
phagolysosome
• 2nd Mechanism –
activation of Enzymatic
Complex, NADPH
Oxidase via Hexose
monophosphate shunt
 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
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STAGES OF PHAGOCYTOSIS
• Antigen is broken down
into peptide units and
presented using MHC II
• Any undigested material
is excreted from the cells
by exocytosis
 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
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MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX

 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
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MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX

• Major role is during antigen
presentation to T cells
• Plays a pivotal role in
development of both
humoral and cellular
immunity
IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
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COMPLEMENT SYSTEM
 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
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COMPLEMENT SYSTEM
THREE COMPLEMENT
• series of serum proteins that are normally
PATHWAYS
present and whose overall function is
• Classical Pathway
mediation of inflammation.
• Alternative Pathway
• Interacts in a specific way to enhance host
Properdin
defense
• Mannose Binding
• Major role: promotes opsonization and lysis
Lectin
of foreign substance
 IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
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COMPLEMENT
SYSTEM
PATHWAYS
IMMUNE RESPONSE TO EXTRACELLULAR BACTERIA
MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE | SPECIAL TOPICS