UNCONVENTIONAL ENERGY

RESOURCES

K.SARATH KUMAR
S.ADHIRSTA
J.KIRAN SRIRAM

3 RD Y E A R , B . T E C H - P E T , A N N A U N I V E R S I T Y .
 INTRODUCTION

 Conventional Energy resources provide reasonable amount of

oil and gas products. But,in order to fulfill the demand and
supply the unconventional energy sources must come to play.

 Unconventional resource in the sense that quantity of shale

gas and oil trapped within natural gas which can be retrieved.

 The over usage of water in shale gas and oil extraction can
arise potential water deficit problems and the environmental
impacts, markedly the ground water contamination.

 This paper will vividly discuss about the extraction of oil and
gas from shale rock and the methods to reduce the ground
water impacts.
 IMPORTANCE OF UNCONVENTIONAL
ENERGY

 Fossil fuel is an important global energy resource but

its rate is depleting rapidly.
 So, the Unconventional energy resources are one of
the important topics in the debate of International
energy sector.
 Shale gas and oil is in excess amount and if this is
extracted, this will satisfy the energy requirement of
the future generation.
 Horizontal Drilling and Hydraulic Fracturing are the
two efficient methods for the shale gas and oil
extraction.
 SHALE ROCK

 One of the Leaders of future energy (Coal bed

Methane, Shale gas, Tight gas reservoirs).
 Organic mud Oil and gas (Under high
Temperature)
 Shale rock is low permeable than source rock and
hence extraction is difficult.
 Oil can be easily extracted from source rock.
SHALE ROCK FRACTURING
 HYDRAULIC FRACTURING

 Initial steps are similar to the conventional well.

 In the conventional drilling only hundred feet can be
explore but in horizontal drilling several thousands of
feet can be explored.
 Perforated guns are introduced into the well bore to
create the contact between steel casing, cementing, and
the reservoir rock.
 Water is pumped with high pressure with the propant
which is used to prevent the closure of rocks , for the easy
flow oil and gas.
 The major disadvantage of this technique is that
chemical affect the underground water.
 FREEZING WALL TECHNOLOGY

 In order to reduce the ground water contamination,

a efficient method freezing wall technology is used.
 Freeze wall creates a barrier to ground water.
 Coolant is passed through the series of closely spaced
pipes.
 Environment friendly coolant like liquid nitrogen
and calcium chloride brine.
 FREEZING WALL TECHNOLOGY

 Coolant extracts heat from the

ground water and freezes the
water.
 The temperature of the
coolant is maintained about -
52°C.
 CO2 FRACTURING

 At high pressure CO2 is injected into the well to

create fractures in super critical state.
 This method gives 5 times more oil and gas than
hydraulic fracturing.
 No additives needed.
 Fractures in all possible directions.
 CO2 is low viscous and cannot carry propant.
 Fractures are narrower than hydraulic fracturing.
 Used for low permeable gas reservoirs.
 CONCLUSION

 With growing energy demands and syncing reserves

more emphasize has been put on the development of
unconventional resources.
 An effective stimulation strategy and plan is
mandatory using low permeability in the shales.
 To reduce the environmental impacts of ground
water, the freezing zone technology has to be
consider.
 Designing the efficient way by introducing new
propants, thickening agents, fracturing fluids will
enhances the oil production
THANK YOU