Intelligent Urban Traffic

Management System
 Introduction

• In recent years the ownership of private vehicles has increased

many folds, which is causing difficulty in management of urban
traffic.
• In big cities, traffic congestion and avoidance cause huge damages
on both personal and environmental level.
• Difficult to change existing road geometry.
• Moreover, in many cities traffic signal lights at crossing points are
timer based which is inefficient method of controlling traffic.
• Intelligent traffic management is the focus area for most urban
dwellers and planners.
 LITERATURE STUDY

Intelligent transport management system for urban traffic hubs

based on an integration of multiple technologies, Zeng, et al.
(2010)
Discussed the design, framework and functional modules of an
intelligent transport management system.
To automate decision making and increase the utilization,
safety and comfort level.
 LITERATURE STUDY (contd.)

Intelligent Traffic Information System Based on Integration of

Internet of Things(IOTs) and Agent Technology, Al-Sakran
(2015)
Proposes a low cost highly scalable and compatible intelligent
traffic administration system framework.
The framework uses RFID, wireless sensors technology, cloud
computing, GPS and other advanced technologies.
 LITERATURE STUDY (contd.)

Its-cloud: Cloud computing for intelligent transportation

system, Bitam, et al. (2012)
Explains a cloud computing model that can be added to
intelligent transportation system to improve traffic
management.
To reduce traffic congestion, road accidents and increase
traffic productivity and efficiency.
 Objective

• To study problem of transport system in urban area.

• To identify the traffic congestion problems and their impact on
health, economic & environment.
• To suggest and manage traffic congestion using new
technologies for future and their control.
• To proposed Smart Road Management System Model and its
advantages.
 Problem Statement

• In many cities of the world, signal allocation is still based on

timer.
• The drawback of timer approach is that for less traffic still green
signal is allocated, while traffic on another road which is more,
faces red signal at that time.
• Most of the present systems are not automated and are prone
to human errors.
• There is no good real time traffic information network system
within the city for smoother transition of traffic.
 Methodology

• Proposed method in which the traffic signal light controlling

decision is performed based on the traffic density.
• Approaches “Automatic Road Traffic Management System” in a
City.
• RFID(radio-frequency identification) technique is used to track
vehicles.
• The concept of Internet of Things(IOT) and Cloud Computing is
used to advance the traffic management.
RFID (radio-frequency identification)

Source: Google
• A technology in which digital data encoded in RFID tags or smart
labels, are captured by a reader via radio waves.
• RFID is similar to barcoding in that data from a tag or label.
• Data captured by a device that stores the data in a database.
• RFID belongs to a group of technologies referred to as Automatic
Identification and Data Capture (AIDC).
• AIDC methods automatically identify objects, collect data about
them, and enter those data directly into computer systems with
little or no human intervention.
RFID systems consist of three components: an RFID tag or smart label,
an RFID reader, and an antenna.
 RFID tags contain an integrated circuit and an antenna, which are
used to transmit data to the RFID reader.
 The reader then converts the radio waves to a more usable form of
data.
 Information collected from the tags is then transferred through a
communications interface to a host computer system.
 In host computer system the data can be stored in a database and
analyzed at a later time.
What is cloud computing?

Source: Google
• A kind of outsourcing of computer programs.
• The computer programs are being hosted by an outside party
and reside in the cloud.
• Using cloud computing, users are able to access software and
applications from wherever they are.
• Users do not have to worry about things such as storage and
power, they can simply enjoy the end result.
Internet of things

Source: Google
• The concept of extending Internet connectivity beyond
conventional computing platforms such as personal
computers and mobile devices.
• Embedded with electronics, Internet connectivity, and other
forms of hardware (such as sensors).
• These devices can communicate and interact with others over
the Internet, and they can be remotely monitored and
controlled.
• Wireless sensor networks, control systems, automation and
others all contribute to enabling the Internet of things.
 Framework and Design

• Active RFID tag is placed on the roof of the vehicle.

• The RFID readers acquire the data and send it to the Cloud.
• Instead of data-base of each road stored in the corresponding
Crossing Server, in this work Cloud Database is used.
• Each light of a traffic signal is connected to an output port of
the corresponding single board computer and no micro-
controller needs to be used.
• As proposed the model has various components in conjugation
with internet of things.
Functional Block Diagram of our system
The model has a core system which constitutes of various
parts:
Data Sources:
• Data gathering will be done via the help of RFID sensors.
• Data gathering interrogators will be placed on the entry and
exit points of a path way.
• These entry and exit points will serve as the data sources for
the system.
Cloud:
• The data is sent to the cloud that is responsible for
processing the data.
Data aggregation and processing:
• Data aggregation and processing is connected closely with
data storage.
• Before storage of data it will be processed within the cloud.
Data storage:
• Data gathered from data sources will then be moved to a
cloud database after data processing.
• This data can be used on demand for further analysis and
planning of future roads.
Data analysis:
• This component is used for analysis of existing data present on
the system.
• Relevant data is picked up for analysis and fed it to data
analytical component of the model for analysis.
• Analysis can help plan a better system for the existing
infrastructure or help us in designing new infrastructure.
Single Board Computer:
• It will be used to fetch real time traffic information from the
cloud for controlling the traffic lights.
Consumers:
• The end product after processing of data is delivered to the
customer.
• The consumer can get on demand access to real time traffic
data.
• The consumer can be the Traffic Control Room or any
 Result and Analysis
Proposed Model
• At the entry and exit of a road and at entry and exit of a
parking lot, fixed RFID readers are placed.
• To detect movement of vehicle at the respective points.
• The readers which are placed at entry and exit of a road are
called Crossing Readers (CRs). CRs are of two types: Exit CRs &
Entry CRs
• Placed at the entry and exit of parking lots are called Parking
Readers (PRs). PRs are of two types: cat-1 & cat-2
• This tag is coded with registration number of the vehicle
which is then read by the RFID Readers as the vehicles
approach the reader points.
• On the other hand, the RFID readers has to be placed above
the road at some height.
• As soon as the tag crosses an interrogator it transfers the data
on it to the interrogator.
• RFID tag has a transponder which wakes up as soon as it gets
in contact with the transceiver present in the interrogator as
• The data which is present with the RFID interrogator is sent
to the cloud based servers using the internet.
• The data is processed and stored in a readable format.
• Data Stored on the cloud system is processed on the cloud
and supplied to a single board computer using routing via
Internet.
• Single board computer has direct connection to the traffic
signal, which in the end supplies traffic lights with the
required information.
 Entry type CRs are placed at
positions 2, 4, 6, 8, 22, 24, 18,
20
Exit type CRs are placed at
positions 1,3, 5, 7, 21, 23, 17,
19
PRs are placed at positions 9,
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
PRs at positions 14 and 15
constitute cat-2 PRs while the
remaining PRs are cat-1 PRs

A sample model of an urban four point road

crossing
• Whenever a vehicle enters a road, the entry type CR sends its
ID to the road database and the Traffic Density of the road is
increased by 1.
• Whenever a vehicle exits a road, the exit type CR sends its ID
to the road database and the traffic density is then decreased
by one.
• Similarly in case of PR, the PR detects a vehicle and sends its
ID to the corresponding road database and the road density
is increased or decreased by 1.
o Data-analysis, processing and aggregation
• In a crossing, signals have to be provided to roads with Exit CRs
to control the vehicles that exits from these roads and enters
roads which have Entry CRs at the crossing.
• The following data operations are performed at the beginning
of signalling cycle at the crossing point:
Traffic Density of each road with exit CRs is checked and
arranged in descending order
Green signal is allocated to the road which is first in the order
till its Traffic Density decreases by a certain value or reaches 0
whichever is earlier
Repeat step no. two for the remaining roads placed in the
order
o Detection of a Vehicle Violating Signal
• When the signal of a road with entry CR at the crossing point is
Red, if it (entry CR) detects any vehicle at that time, its ID is sent to
the Vehicle Violation Database contained in the Cloud Database.
Analysis
• Model is versatile and can be implemented in any city and country
around the world.
• It has an automatic traffic management system which requires no
monitoring but the traffic condition can be tracked by anyone,
commutator or authority.
• Model uses RFID Readers and Tags on vehicles and Single Board
Computers at each crossing point of roads which are not an
 Discussion

Sustainability and Ethics

• The model provides an optimized traffic system.
• Smooth traffic leads lesser CO2 emissions.
• The road transport vehicles will have better infrastructure to
use, in the end it will result in lesser driven kilometres.
• Enable us in planning of future road infrastructure and helps us
to create a sustainable ecosystem.
 Conclusion
• The paper gives a real time traffic monitoring and management
model to solve the problem of traffic congestion in urban areas.
• The proposed model uses technologies like IOT, RFID, cloud
computing and other advanced technologies to collect and
analyse real time traffic data.
• The proposed system can help reduce traffic jams and waiting
times at traffic lights and achieve traffic fluency.
• In intelligent traffic management system human intervention can
be brought down to minimum.
• The traffic data collected and analysed can be used by the traffic
 Case study on Intelligent
Transportation Systems in New York
State
Brief History
• Due to huge traffic congestion forced administration to
think over innovative idea in traffic management.
• In the early 1990s the New York State Department of
Transportation sponsored a statewide conference on ITS.
• At that time the State’s interest in an ITS program was two-
fold:
To consider ITS applications as one of many possible
transportation solutions to known or anticipated mobility
problems.
To assist New York State industries involved in technology
Objective
• Today, New York State’s highway-related ITS program is
called NY- MOVES.
• Aimed at improving the public’s transportation-related
Mobility, Operations, Vehicular systems, Environment and
Safety.
• Real time operation of the transportation system,
integration of an enhanced multi-modal transportation
system.
• The development of user-friendly transportation systems.
  The Economic Benefits of Intelligent Transportation
Systems
• Many New York industries are directly engaged in the
development of ITS and related products.
• For example, Corning (fiber optics), IBM (computer-related
technologies), and Veridian (safety-related technologies).
• According to study conducted by Apogee Associates for ITS
America(2015), the total national market estimate for ITS for
the period between 1996 and 2015 is $420 billion.
• In 20- year period, generating over 600,000 jobs.
  The Role of ITS in Solving Key Transportation
Problems
• In addition to economic benefits, ITS have already made, and continue to make,
contributions to addressing the transportation problems.
• U.S. DOT study, 2013, travel time savings is 41%, and accident reductions is 42%.
• Reduction in emissions and fuel use (6%), operating cost savings (6%), and public
agency cost savings (5%).
• Combined benefit-cost ratio of 8.8 to 1.
• New York State directly experienced the value of ITS during and after the tragic
terrorist attack on the World Trade Center on September 11th, 2001.
• Information from various ITS networks used by emergency management and
traffic management personnel to mitigate the travel impacts of the attack.
 References

• Zeng, N., Qin, K. J., & Li, J. (2010, October). Intelligent transport management
system for urban traffic hubs based on an integration of multiple technologies.
In Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IE&EM), 2010 IEEE
17Th International Conference on (pp. 1178-1183).
• Al-Sakran, H., (2015). Intelligent Traffic Information System Based on
Integration of Internet of Things and Agent Technology. International Journal of
Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), Vol. 6, No. 2, 2015 (pp.
37-43).
• Bitam, S., & Mellouk, A. (2012, December). Its-cloud: Cloud computing for
intelligent transportation system. In Global Communications Conference
(GLOBECOM), 2012 (pp. 2054-2059).
 References(contd.)

• New York's award-winning traffic control system

http://www.itsinternational.com/sections/nafta/features/newyo
rks-award-winning-traffic-control-system/ (Last accessed on 1st
December, 2015).
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki.