Kingdom Animalia

Characteristics of Animals
• Multicellular with complex
systems
• Symmetry
– Sponges are asymmetrical
– Most are bilateral or radial
• Sexual reproduction
– Some can also reproduce
asexually
 What is Symmetry?
• Symmetry is how the body of
the animal is organized
• Radial means “circular”
– The animal can be divided
many directions through a
central point to produce two
equal sides
• Bilateral means “two-sided”
– The animal can be divided
down the middle to produce
mirror images
 Phylum Porifera
• Common name:
Sponges
• Simplest of all
animals
• Asymmetry
• 3 types of cells living
in cooperation with
each other
• Fresh and salt water
forms
 Phylum Cnidaria
• Radial symmetry
• Stinging cells
• All are predators
• Fresh and salt water
forms
• Carried by the current
 Phylum Mollusca
• Soft bodied
• Bilateral symmetry
• Live in fresh & salt
water or on land
• Some have two shells
– Clams, mussels
• Some have one shell
– snails
• Some have no shell
– Squid and octopus
 Phylum Platyhelminthes
• Flat worms
• Bilateral symmetry
• Fresh or salt water
• Some are parasites
• Very simple
– Systems not well
developed
 Phylum Nematoda
• Round worms
• Found in water, soil, and
inside plants and animals
• Some are important
parasites of plants,
animals, & people
• Bilateral symmetry
• Systems are not well-
developed
 Phylum Annelida
• Segmented worms
• Bilateral symmetry
• Well-developed body
systems
• Marine, freshwater,
and soil
• A few are parasites
 Phylum Arthropoda
• Largest group of all animals
• Includes the insects, spiders, crabs, etc
• Bilateral symmetry
• Well-developed body systems
• Found in fresh and salt water & on land
 Phylum Chordata
• Most complex group of animals
• Bilateral symmetry
• Well-developed nervous system
• Must have a neural tube, a notochord, & gill slits
during some point of development.
– Some keep these features for their whole life.
 Class Agnatha

• Jawless fish
• Cartilage skeleton
• Lampreys are parasites of
other fish and sperm whales
• Larvae start in freshwater
 Class Chondrichthyes

• Cartilage fish
– Sharks, skates, rays
• Skeleton made of
cartilage

• Skin and teeth are made

of same substance

• 2 chambered heart

• Ectothermic
– Body temperature not
regulated
 Class Osteichtheyes
• Bony fishes
• Skeleton of bone
• 2 chambered heart
• Scales
• Gills
• External fertilization
• Lay eggs, do not care for
young
 Class Amphibia
• Ectothermic
• Fish-like larvae live in water
– Have gills
– Swim
– 2 chambered heart
• Adults
– Use lungs, skin, and mouth
lining for gas exchange
– Walk, hop, swim
– 3 chambered heart
– Predators
– External fertilization
– Lay eggs in water
– No care of young
 Class Reptilia
• Ectothermic
• Modified 4
chambered heart
• Scaly, dry skin
• Internal fertilization
• Amniotic egg
• No care of young
• Examples: snakes,
turtles, lizards, etc.
Crocodile (above)

Frilled lizard

Albino corn snake

 Class Aves
(Birds)
• Endothermic
• 4 chambered heart
• Scales and feathers
(modified scales)
• Hollow bones
• Air sacs
• Internal fertilization
• Amniotic egg
• Care for young
 Class Mammalia
• Endothermic
• 4 chambered heart
• Hair
• Mammary glands
• Internal fertilization
• Care for young
• Most intelligent class
 Duck-billed platypus-monotreme
Walrus (placental mammal)
Kangaroo (marsupial)
Killer whale (placental mammal)