DNA

COMPUTIG
OUTLINE
 Introduction
 Why DNA computer?
 Explanation
 DNA V/S Silicon Computer
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Restrictions
 Uses
 Conclusion
Introduction
DNA?
We have already a little bit understanding about a DNA that it is
the building block of our genes inside our body cells.
DNA accumulates all the information related to our human body
and it is present inside a nucleus of the cell.
It plays a main role in the building and regulating of the living
cells .
It stores information for long time and the information inside it
transfers to other human beings through genetic inheritance.
We can think DNA as a software to our human body.
Why ?
 Silicon Microprocessor
double in complexity
roughly every two years
 Require a Successor to Silicon
 As Moore’s Law has packed more and more
transistors onto a single memory chip,
scientists have worried for years that electric
charges that “leak” out from those tiny
components might cause unpredictable errors
in neighboring semiconductors.
DNA Computer
DNA computer was firstly introduced by a computer scientist
named Dr.Leonard Adleman.
Using DNA he solved a Hamiltonian Path problem also known as
“traveling salesman” problem.
In DNA computer, DNA is used as a computer technology in
place of silicon based conventional computers.
Inside DNA ,combinations of the nucleotides (A,C,G,T) are
used as a input molecules , output molecules and processing will
also be done on these molecules.
Combination of DNA strands are used to represent zeros and
ones .
Enzymes will act like a program.
Explanation
As we know that we have cells that replicate, repair, damage and
perform many more operations. These are all the performance of
DNA and enzymes in the living cells.
If DNA can store all the information of our body for a long time
then it can also be used to store computer’s data in the form of
DNA strands .
Its storage density is also very impressive.
DNA computer can perform 10 trillion calculations at a time .
It can store over 10 tera bytes of data in 1 cm3 of length.
It has a great parallel processing.
Negligible amount of power is required.
.

In the initial stage, DNA molecules were used to solve a small

mathematical problem in a test tube.
Then it is brought to the surface of gold glass plate for better
performance.
And in future it might be integrated in chip and will be called as
bio chips.
Adleman’s Architecture
 DNA v/s Silicon Computer

DNA has a great storage capacity

Speed of DNA computing is also very fast
In DNA computers ,parallel processing is used
It is cheaper than the silicon based microprocessors
Conventional computers have single processing
system
Advantages
 DNA has a plentiful supply as it is made up of common
biological materials that make it very cheap.
 It can execute billions of operations concurrently.
 It has the capacity of storing over billions of times more
information than other conventional computers.
 E.g. A CD can store 700 MB of data ,whereas about 1014
of data can be stored in one gram of DNA.
 Power requirements are very low. It has excellent energy
efficiency.
 Smaller than any other computer.
 Also an excellent approach for traveling salesman
problems.
Disadvantages
 After solving problem in a test tube solution, it takes
much time to extract the DNA strands.
 Extraction process of unwanted solution is not always
100% efficient.
 DNA computers require human assistance.
 Creating solution sets even for simpler problems require
huge amount of memory that is lots of DNA strands.
 DNA has half life.
Restrictions
 Human involvement is required.
 There is no universal method to represent data.
 It has the probability of large amount of errors.
 The way of processing information requires huge amount
of DNA in case of large problems.
 In DNA computing complex reactions of molecules is
performed, thus these reactions can only be done in
laboratory.
Uses
 DNA cryptography
 DNA fingerprinting
 Video games
: Would provide high quality for video games
 To solve complex combinatorial problems
 DNA sequencing
 DNA population screening
 Advance our understanding of biology
 To fight diseases
Conclusion
 DNA computer a successor of silicon based computers
 DNA computers are not full implemented yet.
 This technology is still in progress.
 Many issues have to be resolved to build a useful DNA
computers.
 Miniaturization of Data storage device.
 Huge amount of working memory
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