Vectors Vs.

Scalars

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• Work
• Momentum
• Acceleration
• Luminous intensity
• Number of moles
• Magnetic field
• Force
• Wavelength
• Frequency
• heat 2
• Scalar- is a quantity that can only
be described by its magnitude.
• Vector- both magnitude and
direction

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4
 Vector
Tells the
direction

Point of
origin
Denotes the
magnitude
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 north

W of N E of N

N of E
N of W
east
west
S of W S of E

W of S E of S

south 6
 1cm= 1 m/s
8 m/s east

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 Vector Addition
Adding vector quantities is very different from
adding scalar quantities.

5kg and 15 kg =20 kg

Walking 50 m N and 25
m S is not 75 m
direction
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5 m, east 5 m, east

+ -
3 m, east 3 m, east

2 m, east
8 m, east

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 Let’s try!
EX. 100 N South, 20 N North
EX. 50 km West, 30 km West

1. 15 km East, 10 km East
2. 20 km South, 10 km North

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Show the following vectors
using a vector diagram
1.40 km, 60° S of W
2.30 km, 30° N of E

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 A

30° N of E
60° S of W

B
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A resultant vector is a single vector
which represents the sum of two
or more given vector quantities.
This may be obtained by the
graphical method or by the
analytical method

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G
In graphical method..
R
Accuracy in drawing and measuring length
A
of lines is required
P
H Knowledge in scaling is also important
I
Parallelogram
C method
Polygon method
A
L 14
• Parallelogram method
is useful if you are adding two
vectors.

• Tail to tail method

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 When adding two vectors, the parallelogram method is used.

STEPS: Parallelogram Method

1. Have a suitable scale
2. Draw the given vectors with both tails on the
origin.
3. Project the vectors on both side to form a
parallelogram.
4. Draw a line from the point of origin up to
intersection of the two projected lines.
5. Measure the length of the line and the angle
from the x-axis. This will be the resultant
vector 16
Give the following vectors A= 30 m east and
B= 20 m 30° N of E. Determine the resultant vectors
of A and B
GIVEN:
A: 30 m EAST
B: 20 m 30° N
of E

B R
A

Answer: R= 48 m, 12 ° N of E
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Given the following vectors:
A= 30 m South and
B= 20 m, 50 ° N of W
Determine the resultant of vectors A
and B.

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Two forces A and B are acting on an
object. A is 3.0 N directed north and B
is 4.0 N, 30 degrees north of east. Find
the resultant vector acting on the
object using the parallelogram
method.

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• The parallelogram method
requires accurate measurement
to arrive at the correct value of
the resultant force.
• Measure things accurately.

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Parallel lines do not intersect
with each other. In life, how
would you maintain a
“parallel” relationship” with
other people so that
“intersections” or conflicts are
avoided?
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• Polygon Method is also known as head to tail
method.
• This is easy to use if you want to add more
than two vectors.

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 STEPS: POLYGON METHOD
It also known as thetip to tail method . This is more
convenient than parallelogram method when more than two vectors
are to be added graphically.
1. Represent each vector quantity by an arrow drawn to scale.
2. Starting from the origin, draw the fist vector on the rectangular
coordinate system, accounting property its direction.
3. Connect the tail of the second vector to the head of the first
vector. Connect the tail of the third vector to the head of the
second vector. You may continue drawing the vectors head to tail
until you draw the last vector to be added.
4. The resultant will close the figure formed by connecting the
vectors. This resultant vector is drawn from the tail of the first
vector to the head of the last vector.
5. Measure the length of the arrow representing the resultant.
Determine the magnitude of the resultant from the scale used.
6. Use a protractor to determine the direction of the resultant.
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• Displacement, which is vector
quantity describes the change in the
body’s position. For example,
suppose Yumi walks from her house
with the following displacement- first
she walks 10 m to the east, 5 m to
the north and then another 5 m to
the west. Find you resultant
displacement using polygon method.
F1= 7 N, east
F2= 3 N, 30 degrees N of E
F3= 3 N, 15 degrees N of W
Determine the resultant vector
using the polygon method.

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You are out for an early morning walk. You
walk 5.0 m, South and 12.0 m, East. Then
you decided to walk further and go 4.0 m,
Southwest and 6.0 m, West.
(a)How far are you now from your starting
point and in what direction?
(b)Would you have arrived at the same spot
had you taken the steps in this order:
12.0 m, East; 4.0m, Southwest; 5.0 m,
South; and 6.0 m, West? Use the polygon
method to determine your answer. 26
Vector addition is commutative.
Vectors can be added in any order.
A+B= B+A

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 Seatwork
1. You left your house to visit a friend. You got in
your car drove 40 miles east, then got on a
highway and went 50 miles north. Draw a
vector from the beginning of your journey, your
home, and the end, your friend’s house.
(Parallelogram method)
2. Two forces A and B are acting on an object. A is
3.0 N directed North and B at 4.0 N, 30 degrees
north of east. Find the resultant force acting on
the object using the parallelogram method.
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3. Erik walks 600 m East, then turns 400 m
North and finally walks 300 m West. Find its
resultant vector. (Scale 1cm: 10m) (Polygon
Method)
4. Given the following vectors:
F1= 7 N, east
F2= 3 N, 30 degrees N of E
F3= 3 N, 15 degrees N of W
Determine the resultant vector using the
polygon method. 29
 Components of Vectors
Resolving Vector into perpendicular components

The displacement is 10.3 blocks at an angle 29.1°

north of east. Find out how many blocks east and
north had to be walked.
Axcosθ
Aycosθ
Calculating a Resultant Vector
A= √Ax2+ Ay2
θ= tan-1 Ay/Ax
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 1. Determine the coordinate system for the vectors.
A Then, determine the horizontal and vertical
N components of each vector using the equations.
A
L Axcosθ Bxsinθ
Y Aycosθ Bysinθ
T 2. Add the horizontal and vertical components of each
I
C
vector to determine the components Rx and Ry of
A the resultant vector R.
L Rx = Ax + Bx Ry =Ay + By
M 3. Use the Pythagorean theorem to determine the
E magnitude, R, of the resultant vector R.
T R= √Rx2+ Ry2
H
4. To determine the direction:
O
D θ= tan-1 Ry/Rx 31
 Rx Ry Quadrant Directions
Involved
+ + 1st N and E
- + 2nd N and W
- - 3rd S and W
+ - 4th S and E

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Vector A has a magnitude 53.0 m,
20.0° North of East. Vector B has
magnitude 34.0 m, 63.0° north of
East. You can use analytical
methods to determine the
magnitude and direction of R.

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Ana runs 4.00 m, 40.0° north of
east; 2.00 m, east; 5.20 m, 30.0 °
South of west; and 6.50 m south
before stopping for the water
break. Find her resultant
displacement from where she
started.

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 Vectors Horizontal comp Vertical Comp
A= 4.00 m, Ax = 4.00 Ay = 4.00 m
40.0° north of m(cos40.0°) (sin40.0°)
east =3.06 m =2.57 m
B= 2.00 m, east Bx = 2.00 m 0
C= 5.20 m, 30.0 Cx = -5.20 m(cos Cx = -5.20 m(sin
° South of west 30.0 °) 30.0 °)
=-4.50 m =-2.60 m
D= 6.50 m Dx = 0 Dy = -6.50 m
south
∑Dx = 0.56 m ∑y= -6.53 m
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Solving for the magnitude:

1 2

-+ ++
3 4
∑dx= positive
-- +- ∑dy= negative
4th quadrant36
 Exercise
Find the resultant vector of the following
forces by component method:
• F1=12 N, South
• F2= 24 N, 30° north of west
• F3= 15 N, 75° south of west
• F4= 32 N, 50° south of east

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 Quiz (20 points)
Anthony joined a challenge game in his
school. To get to the clue, he has to walk 30
meters 30° north of east, 20 meters, 60 °
north of west and finally 10 meters toward
southwest. How far and in what direction is
the clue form Anthony’s original position?

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