Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Conflict of interests
- spatial planning
- water quality
issues
VICIOUS CIRCLE OF EUTROPHICATION (Lehmusluoto, 2009)
Low System
Productivity
Environmental
Low Income
Degradation
Food Insecurity
Limited Cash
Cropping
ACE H
600
500
400
300 P ON T IA NA K
200
100
60 0 M E NA DO
0 50 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 40 0
60 0
30 0
50 0
20 0
40 0
10 0 J A YA P U R A
30 0
0
20 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 6 00
10 0
5 00
0
4 00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 00
2 00
1 00
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Khatulistiwa
P ADANG
600
500
400
300
200
100
TIM IK A
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
T ELUK BET UNG 60 0
50 0
40 0
6 00
30 0
5 00
20 0
4 00
BA NYU W A NG I
10 0
3 00
0
2 00
6 00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 00
5 00
0
4 00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 00
2 00
1 00
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Water availability in Indonesia by major islands
Bali & NT 87.9 1695 997 2 779 170 472 1 167 3 251
Indonesia 1911.1 2779 1832 110 944 278 16 831 2 110 127 775
Total air tersedia Indonesia:
6
127.775 m3/s= 4.032.266 10 m3/tahun
~ 10% total global discharge
~ 15.000 m3/tahun/capita
Levels of water utilization for some
major rivers in Indonesia
Potential of surface
Water being utilized Left
water
over
River
water
(Billion (Million (%)
(m3/s) (%)
m3/year) m3/year)
Cimanuk 3.19 101 942 29 71
Cisadane 4.30 630 15 80
(Irrigation & 5
Domestic)
Jratunseluna 12.40 394 2528 20 80
(Irrigation)
Bengawan 9.87 313 1511 16 84
Solo (Irrigation and
Domestic)
Musi-South 100.58 3190 2071 2 98
Sumatra (Irrigation and
Domestic)
Source: Min.PW (2005)
The major threats to water resources
and the environment
response to
restoration
(Schafer, 1993) reduction
of impact
Impact (nutrients)
(Zalewski 2011)
Delivering Ecohydrology
Under IHP-VIII Unesco
Advanced science
Transdisciplinary
Stakeholder
needs
Ecol Hydr
Interdisciplinary EconEng
Ecol Hydr
Multidisciplinary
Ecol Hydr Dual
regulation
Ecol Geo Econ
(Zalewski 2011)
River Continuum Concept: Vannote et al. 1980
Connections from upstream
to downstream habitats
control flow of energy and
carbon in fluvial ecosystems,
as well as the species of
aquatic organisms
IWRM is a “process which promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land
and related resources in order to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare in an
equitable manner, without compromising the sustainability of vital ecosystems.” (GWP, 2000)
Engaging Stakeholders
Environmental Conservation
Hydropower
+10 Industrial
Irrigation
Flood Management
Domestic
Coordinating each
sector
Priority
Cost (Cost Sharing)
Financial Support
Consensus Benefit
Environment
Water Manager Social Impact
Practical Application of IWRM
UNESCO has developed the IWRM
Guidelines at River Basin Level to
help translate the complex IWRM
principles into their practical
application.
Prof. I. Llamas
N-NO3- concentration (N) in groundwater at the field (F) and at the pine forest (P).
100
90 average= 52.4 mg/l
80
Cv = 36%
N [mg na litr]
70
60
F
50
40
30 average= 2.7 mg/l
20
10
P Cv = 27%
0
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36
Decade dekady
Numer porzadkowy
(A. Kędziora)
Kata Penutup