Main components of chassis

• Frame • Brakes and braking system

• Steering mechanism • Fuel tank
• Front suspension • Silencer
• Radiator • Electrical system
• Engine • Rear and front springs and
• Transmission system shock absorber
• Wheels
• Propeller shaft
• Differential unit
• Universal joint
CLASSIFICATION OF CHASSIS
Front engine front wheel drive

• The engine was transversely fixed in front of the frame

• Two drive shafts are connected with the differential and front
wheels.
• So the front wheels receive the power from the engine.
• This construction is suitable for the vehicle which has less
wheel base.
• It is widely used in Tata indica , maruthi-800
• Space utilization is less and power loss is less due to the
absence of propeller shaft.
• The center of gravity of the vehicle is typically farther forward
than a comparable rear-wheel drive layout.
• In front wheel drive cars, the front axle typically supports
around 2/3rd of the weight of the car (quite far off the "ideal"
50/50 weight distribution). This is a contributing factor in the
tendency of front wheel drive cars to understeer.
• Rear tire traction is decreased and the car may swap ends on
icy roads easier.
Front Engine Rear Wheel Drive

• The engine is fixed in front of the frame.

• Better handling in dry conditions.
• Engine power is trasmitted to the rear wheels through the
propeller shaft. So it starts to rotate at first.
• This type of construction provides sufficient pushing force to
the vehicle in order to move it easily.
• Generally it is used in, bus, lorry and ambassador car.
• Disadvantages of RWD are higher assembly and production
costs, more parts.
• Increased weight - The drive shaft, which connects the engine
at the front to the drive axle in the back, adds weight.
• A rear wheel drive car will weight slightly more than a
comparable front wheel drive car, but less than four wheel
drive.
• Higher purchase price - Due to the added cost of materials,
rear wheel drive is typically slightly more expensive.
Rear Engine Rear Wheel Drive.

• The engine is fixed at the rear end of the frame.

• Initially, the engine drive is given to the wheels.
• As the engine is at the rear, engine heat is not transferred to the
driver compartment.
• But to operate clutch and gear box, long links are necessary.
This is the major disadvantage.
• It is used in valvo buses and auto.
• Low steering control
• This type of layout needs very lengthy linkages
Four Wheel Drive

• The engine is fixed in front of the frame.

• In this, additionally, a transfer case is fixed behind the gear
box.
• Two propeller shafts (P1 and P2) arre connected with two
differentials (D1 and D2) and with the transfer case.
• Due to this, the power is simulataneously transferred to all the
four wheels.
• A shifting lever is fixed on the transfer case to connect or
disconnect the power to the front wheels.
Advantages
• The additional weight of AWD systems encourages more grip.
• While the weight of AWD vehicles improves their handling.

Disadvantages
• The primary disadvantage of an AWD vehicle is its cost.
• AWD systems require more fuel to power the additional
wheels and are less fuel efficient than comparable two-wheel-
drive vehicles.
• The primary disadvantage of an AWD vehicle is its cost.
• AWD systems require more fuel to power the additional
wheels and are less fuel efficient than comparable two-wheel-
drive vehicles.
Types of
Frames

Conventional frame construction

Semi-integral frame construction
Frameless frame construction
Conventional frame construction
It is a non-load carrying frame.
Because it transfer the load of the vehicle to the suspension
system.
The total frame is mounted on the wheel axle by means of
spring.
The body of the material is made up of rubber mountings,
(so the body is completely isolated from frame deflection)
Conventional (cont..)
It is mostly used in heavy vehicles like trucks
CHANNEL, TUBULAR, or BOX cross sectio are used in this
type of frame.
Semi Integral
In this the rubber mountings are replaced by relatively stiff
mountings (thereby transferring a part of the frame load to
body structure also).
Heavyin nature compared to conventional type.
This type is popular in small european and american cars.
 Integral or Frameless
construction
It is a monocoque construction
There is no separate frame.
In this the longitudinal member are elimanted.
Cross members are combined with the floor of the body and
welded.
Body gives the mounting for
Engine
Transmission
Suspension and
Other mechanical units
 Integral or Frameless
construction
Due to this, the weight get reduced which is an important factor in design consideration.
Suitable for massproduced vehicles.
Increased strength rigidity.
In this stresses are evenly distributed.