ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

RA 7920 - PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE

POINTERS TO REVIEW:
 ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS
PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICAL WIRES & CABLES
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS
BUILDING INSTALLATION PRACTICES
INTERIOR WIRING
PLAN READING
ELECTRICAL LIGHTING AND POWER LAYOUT
 ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS
FEEDER L LAMP HOLDER PUSH BUTTON

BRANCH CIRCUIT-CEILING/WALL
PSLAMP HOLDER WITH PULL SWITCH BELL
BRANCH CIRCUIT-FLOOR
C
CLOCK OUTLET
3&4 WIRES CIRCUIT NO. BUZZER
MARK INDICATES 2 WIRES D DROP CORD OUTLET
CH CHIME
CROSSING WIRES
F FAN OUTLET

CONNECTING WIRES ANNUNCIATOR

R RADIO OUTLET

LIGHTING OUTLET CEILING FLOOR OUTLET LIGHTING PANEL

POWER PANEL
DUPLEX CONVENIENCE OUTLET
RECESSED CEILING OUTLET FUSE
DASH INDICATES SHAPE OF
CONVENIENCE OUTLET SPLIT-WIRED
FIXTURE WH WATT-HOUR METER
WEATHER PROOF OUTLET
WP
T TRANSFORMER
LIGHTING OUTLET WALL OUTLET AND SWITCH
S
J JUNCTION BOX
RANGE OUTLET
R
FLUORESCENT LAMP SPECIAL PURPOSE OUTLET GROUND

REFRIGERATOR OUTLET
ref
 PRINCIPLES OF ELECTRICITY

WHAT IS ELECTRICITY ?
a form of energy generated by friction, induction or chemical
change, having magnetic, chemical and radiant effect.
SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY ?
•STORAGE BATTERIES
•GENERATORS
TWO TYPES OF CURRENT
•DC – DIRECT CURRENT
•AC – ALTERNATING CURRENT
UNITS OF ELECTRICITY ?
•OHM – UNIT OF RESISTANCE
•VOLT – UNIT OF POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE & EMF
•AMPERE – UNIT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
•WATT – UNIT OF ELECTRIC POWER
•WATT-HOURS – UNIT OF ENERGY
FORMULAS:
OHM’S LAW
V (Volts) = I (amp) X R (Ohms)
I (amp) = V (Volts) / R (Ohms)
R (Ohms) =V (Volts)/ I (amp)

POWER FORMULA
P (watts) =I (amp) X E (volts)
 ELECTRICAL WIRES AND CABLES
AWG – AMERICAN WIRE GAUGE

AWG mm2 WIRES – INDIVIDUAL CONDUCTOR

SOLID UP TO NO.8 AWG
14 2.0
CABLES – STRANDED CONDUCTOR OR
12 3.5 GROUP OF WIRES TWISTED OR BRAIDED
LARGER THAN NO.8 AWG
10 5.5
NO. 18 AWG - SMALLEST SIZE OF WIRE
8 8 NO. 14 AWG – REQUIRED MINIMUM
SIZE OF WIRE TO BE USED

NO. ___AWG – USED FOR LIGHTING

NO. ___AWG – USED FOR C.O.
NO. ___AWG – USED FOR FEEDER
CONDUCTORS INSULATORS
•SILVER •RUBBER
•COPPER •GLASS
•ZINC •THERMOPLASTIC
•ALUMINUM •PAPER
•NICKEL •WOOD
•BRASS •WAX
•PLATINUM •LATEX
•IRON •ASBESTOS
•TIN •OIL
 THERMOPLASTIC INSULATORS

General Wiring
Trade name Type Let Maximum Op Application
ter erating Temp Provisions
erature

Moisture-& heat-resistant RHW 75O C Dry and wet

rubber 167O F Locations
Thermoplastic T 60O C Dry locations
140O F
Moisture-resistant thermo TW 60O C Dry and wet
plastic 140O F Locations
Heat-resistant thermoplasti THHN 90O C Dry locations
c 194O F
Moisture-& heat-resistant THW 75O C Dry and wet
thermoplastic 167O F Locations
Moisture-& heat-resistant THWN 75O C Dry and wet
thermoplastic 167O F Locations
Moisture-& heat resistant XHHW 90O C Dry locations
cross-linked thermosetting 194O F Wet locations
polyethelene 75O C
167O C
Silicone-asbestos SA 90O C Dry locations
194O F
Asbestos and Varnished AVA 110O C Dry locations
Cambric 230O F only
 CABLES
 NM OR NMC – NONMETALLIC-
SHEATED BUILDING CABLE

 ARMOR – CLAD BUILDIN

G CABLE
AC - NON LEADED TYPE OR
ACL - LEADED TYPE
BX - NON LEADED TYPE OR
BXL - LEADED TYPE

 MC – METAL-CLAD CABLE
  MI – MINERAL INSULATED CABLE

 SERVICE CABLES
1. SERVICE-DROP CABLES -
2. SERVICE-ENTRANCE CABLES - SE
3. UNDERGROUND SERVICE-ENTRAN
CE CABLES - USE
4. COMBINATION SERVICE-DROP AN
D SERVICE ENTRANCE CABLES
1. SERVICE
The supplying of utilities requir
ed or demanded by the public

2. SUBSTATION
An auxiliary power station where ele
ctrical current is converted
 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS
SWITCHES
 PROTECTIVE DEVICES
1. FUSES
2. CIRCUIT BREAKERS
3. GROUND FAULT INTERRUPTERS
4. SWITCHGEAR
5. SWITCHBOARD
6. PANELBOARD
LIGHTNING ARRESTERS
 INTERIOR WIRING &
ELECTRICAL LIGHTING

 WIRING SWITCHES
FOR ELECTRICAL LAYOUT
•SINGLE POLE SWITCH (S)
•TWO GANG SWITCH (S2)
•THREE GANG SWITCH (S3)
•THREE WAY SWITCH (S3W)
•FOURWAY SWITCH (S4W)

WALL PLATES OR FACEPLATES

-These are coverings for switches
and wall outlets
  WIRING SYSTEMS
CONDUITS are circular raceways used
to enclose wires and cables and are of
metal or plastic (PVC).
PVC ELECTRICAL CONDUITS
To protect the enclosed conductors fro
m mechanical injury and chemical dama
ge.

To protect people from shock hazards

by providing a grounded enclosure.

To provide a system ground path.

To protect the surroundings against fire

hazard as a result of overheating or short
circuiting of the enclosed conductors.

To support the conductors.

 TYPES OF STEEL CONDUITS

• Heavy-wall steel conduits called “Rig

id Steel Conduits” or RSC with an ap
proximate thickness of 0.117 mm.

• “Intermediate Metal Conduit” or IM

C with thickness of 0.071 mm.

• Thin-wall steel conduits named “Ele

ctric Metal Tubing” or EMT.

RIGID METAL CONDUIT WIRING

– is the best and most expensive among
the usual type of wiring.
 FLEXIBLE METAL CONDUIT WIRING
– Its installation is much easier and quick
er than that of rigid metal conduits. Unlik
e the rigid conduits which come in short l
engths of 10 ft. (3 M), flexible metal cond
uit wiring comes in length of 25 ft – 250 ft
(8 M – 83 M) depending on the size of th
e conduit.

ARMORED CABLE WIRING (BX WIRING)

– consists of rubber or thermoplastic covered wire
protected from injury to a certain extent from
Dampness by one or two layers of flexible
steel armor.
CABLE TRAY / RACEWAY – is a c
ontinuous open support for approved c
ables. When used as a general wiring
system, the cables must be self-protec
ted, jacketed types, type TC.
 FLOOR RACEWAYS – The NEC recog
nizes three types of floor raceways:

1. Underfloor Ducts (UF) installed beneath

or flush with the floor. These underfloor
ducts usually requires a triple duct syst
em for power, telephone and signal ca
bling.

2. Cellular Metal Floor Raceway – Found u

sually in office landscaping, it is an inte
grated structural/electrical system in a c
ellular metal floor.

3. Precast Cellular Concrete – made of co

ncrete cells fed from header ducts, whic
h are normally installed in concrete fill a
bove the hollow core structural slab or f
ed from the ceiling void below. The cell
s can be used for air distribution and for
piping.
 PLAN READING
DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL LIGHTIN
G AND POWER LAYOUT

ADDITIONAL READING
ON ELECTRICAL REGULATIONS
BY PD 1096