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ETU 08101-Real Time Systems design

MODULE MASTER:

Eng. Michael J. Shundi (PEng (T))

Phone : +255 620 255728
Email: kakamika100@gmail.com
Website: https://kakamika-snr.github.io/tza/
 MODULE DESCRIPTION:
Module Name: Real Time System design
Module Code: EEU 07304
Number of Credits: 6
Sub-enabling outcomes:
Describe the real time Systems
Describe the sensor combination to the real time system
Program the real time system
Evaluate and choose appropriate actuation requirements.
Analyse and design a real time system

Integrated Method of Assessment:

Continuous Assessment 40%
End of semester examination 60%
 MODULE DESCRIPTION:
REFERENCES:
Bruce Power Douglass, (2002), “Real Time Design Patterns: Robust
Scalable for real time systems, Addison Wesley Pub. Co.
Qing Li, Caroline Yao, (2003), “Real Time Concepts for embedded
systems First Edition, EMP Books
Hassan Gomaa, (1993), “Software Design Methods for concurrent
and real- Time Systems”, Addison Wesley Pub. Co
Philip A. Laplante, (2004), “Real Time System Design and Analysis”,
Addison Wesley Pub. Co
Shem-Tov Lovi, Ashok K. Agrawala, (1999), “Real Time System
Design”, McGraw Hill College Division
Malcom Adamson, (2003), “Small Real Time System Design, From
micro controllers to RISC Processors”, Sigma Press
Cooling, J.E, (2002), “Software Design for real Time Systems”,
Chapman & Hall
Introduction to Real Time System (1)
INTRODUCTION
Real-time and embedded computing applications in the first two computing era
were rather rare and restricted to a few specialized applications such as space and
defense. In the post-PC era of computing, the use of computer systems based on
real-time and embedded technologies has already touched every facet of our life
and is still growing at a pace that was never seen before.
For example, we have ubiquitous consumer products such as digital cameras, cell
phones, microwave ovens, camcorders, video game sets; telecommunication
domain products and applications such as set-top boxes, cable modems, voice
over IP (VoIP), and video conferencing applications; office products such as fax
machines, laser printers, and security systems.
Besides, we encounter real-time systems in hospitals in the form of medical
instrumentation equipment and imaging systems etc…
 An embedded system is a computer system designed for specific control functions within a larger system.
Often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including
hardware and mechanical parts (e.g. mobile phone, aircraft, automotive
Introduction to Real Time System (2)
What is a Real Time?
Real time is a quantitative notation of time.
Real time is measured using a physical (real) clock.
Whenever we quantify time using a physical clock, we
deal with real time.
An example use of this quantitative notion of time can
be observed in a description of an automated chemical
plant.
In contrast to real time, logical time (also known as virtual
time) deals with a qualitative notion of time and is expressed
using event ordering relations such as before, after,
sometimes, eventually, precedes, succeeds, etc.
Introduction to Real Time System (3)
What is a Real Time System?
A system is called a real-time system, when we need quantitative
expression of time (i.e. real-time) to describe the behavior of the system.
A real time system is one whose logical correctness is based on both
the correctness of the outputs and their timeliness.
A real time system is any information processing activity or system
which has to respond to externally generated input stimuli within a finite
and specified period.
X A real time system is NOT a system that runs quickly...
this is a system that has temporal constraints to meet.
Applications of Real Time Systems (1)
1-Industrial Applications
EXAMPLES:-
Process control systems (example Chemical plant control)
Industrial automation systems (example Automated Car
Assembly Plant)
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) Energy
Management System (EMS), controls traffic in a computer network

Test and measurement equipment

Robotic equipment
Applications of Real Time Systems (2)
2-Medical
EXAMPLES:-
Robots (example Robot Used in Recovery of
Displaced Radioactive Material)
MRI scanners,
radiation therapy equipment,
 bedside monitors, and
 computerized axial tomography (CAT).
Applications of Real Time Systems (3)
3-Peripheral equipment
EXAMPLES:
laser printers,
digital copiers,
fax machines,
digital cameras, and
scanners.
Applications of Real Time Systems (4)
4-Automotive and Transportation
EXAMPLES:
automotive engine control systems,
road traffic signal control,
air-traffic control,
high-speed train control,
car navigation systems, and
Multi-Point Fuel Injection (MPFI)
engine control systems
Applications of Real Time Systems (5)
5-Telecommunication
Applications
EXAMPLES:

cellular systems,
video
conferencing, and
cable modems
Applications of Real Time Systems (6)
6-Aerospace
EXAMPLES:
avionics,
flight simulation,
airline cabin management systems,
satellite tracking systems, and
computer on-board an aircraft.
Applications of Real Time Systems (7)
7-Internet and Multimedia Applications
EXAMPLES:
video conferencing and multimedia multicast,
Internet routers and switches.
Applications of Real Time Systems (8)
8- Consumer Electronics
EXAMPLES:
set-top boxes,
audio equipment,
Internet telephony, microwave ovens,
intelligent washing machines,
home security systems,
air conditioning and refrigeration,
toys, and cell phones.
Applications of Real Time Systems (9)
9- Defense Applications
EXAMPLES:
missile guidance systems,
anti- missile systems,
satellite-based surveillance systems.
Applications of Real Time Systems (10)
10- Miscellaneous Applications
EXAMPLES:
Railway Reservation System
Several applications of RTSs and the
response time range for each application.
Categories of Real Time System
Real-time systems are usually categorized as:
Hard RTSs are those systems where it is absolutely imperative that responses
occur within the specified deadlines. (Examples are aircraft control, air traffic
control, process control applications).
Soft RTSs are those systems where response times are important but the
system will still function correctly if deadlines are occasionally missed.
(Examples are communication systems using a time-out protocol. If an
acknowledgment for a message was not received before the deadline a time-
out occurs and the same message is resent again. Missing the deadlines here
can be tolerated occasionally, however if deadlines are missed frequently
resent messages will jam the bandwidth of the communication channel and
the system will cease to perform).
END FOR TODAY