TRANSIENT STABILITY ANALYSIS OF POWER

SYSTEM USING MATLAB

Submitted By:
Anil koiri(202)
Anusha Gyawali(205)
Baburam Chaudhary(208)
Rohan Mishra(237)
Overview

 Introduction
 Classification of power system stability
 Transient stability analysis
 Objective of transient analysis
 Rotor angle variations with time
 Analysis of transient stability
 Methodology
 Expected Result
 References

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 Introduction
 Stability of power system is its ability to return to normal or stable
operating conditions after being subjected to certain disturbance.eg:
sudden change in load, short ckt, etc.
 Instability means a condition denoting loss of synchronism.
 Stability is the tendency of power system to develop restoring forces equal
to or greater than the disturbing force in order to maintain the state of
equilibrium.

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Classification of power system stability

Fig: Classification of power system stability 4

Transient stability Analysis
 Ability of power system to maintain synchronism when subjected to a severe
large disturbance such as sudden change in load, short ckt.
 For a large disturbance ,change in angular disturbance may be so large as to
cause the machine fall out of synchronism and lead to instability.
 Usually occurring within one sec for a generator close to the cause of
disturbance.
Causes of large Disturbance
 Short circuit fault
 Contingency
Assumptions for transient stability Analysis
 Neglect saturation
 Neglect saliency
 Neglect damping
 Neglect resistance of winding
 Frequency constant (50Hz).
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Objective of transient stability analysis
 To determine critical power angle, critical clearing time for circuit breaker,
voltage level of systems and transfer capability between systems for indicate
whether system is stable or not.
 To analyze the step by step solution of the swing curve and equal area criterion
method using software programming, MATLAB for stabilize the system.
 To analyze the situation of sudden increases in input power and three-phase fault on
transmission line via the equal area criterion method whether the system may cause
the system instability.

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Rotor angle Response
 The rotor angle increases to a maximum, then decreases and
oscillates with decreasing amplitude until it reaches a steady state in
case 1.
 the rotor angle continues to increase steadily until synchronism is
lost. This form of instability is referred to as first-swing instability and
is caused by insufficient synchronizing torque in case 2.
 In Case 3, the system is stable in the first swing but becomes unstable
as a result of growing oscillations as the end state is approached in
case 3.

Fig: Rotor angle responses on 7

transient disturbance
Analysis of transient stability
Swing Equation
d 2 d
M 2
D  Pm  P
dt dt
 M = inertia constant
 D = damping constant.
 Pm = input mechanical power.
 P = output electrical power.
 Swing equation is very complex for analysis of large disturbance so the alternative
method for transient analysis is equal area criterion.
Equal area criterion
 For two machine system and one machine connected to infinite bus bar, it is possible to
say whether a system has transient stability or not, without solving the swing equation.
Such criteria which decides the stability, makes use of equal area in power angle diagram
and hence it is known as Equal Area Criterion (EAC).
 EAC is an old graphical method that allows assessing the transient stability of electric
power systems in a simple and comprehensive way.

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Methodology
Single machine connected to infinite bus
 The bus whose voltage and frequency remains constant even after the
variation in the load is known as the infinite bus.
 The alternators operating in parallel in a power system is the example of the
infinite bus. The on and off of any of the alternator will not affect the
working of the power system because the capacity of a parallel operating
system is enormous.
 Their voltage and frequency remain constant even after the disturbance of
the load. The synchronous impedance of the bus is low because of parallel
operations of the machine. The performance of the synchronous machine
varies on the infinite bus. When the synchronous machine on their load. But
when the synchronous machines are operating in parallel, the change in their
excitation changes the power factor of the load.

Fig : infinite bus 9

Expected Result
 A complete study for transient stability of a single machine will be developed
using MATLAB.
 Critical Clearing time should be very less as possible.
 Rotor angle should be near about 30 degree.
 Machine and other loads should be safe against fault.

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REFERENCES
 A.A. Fouad and S.E. Stanton, “Transient Stability of Multi
machine Power System, Parts I and II,” IEEE Trans., Vol.
PAS-100, pp. 3408-3424, July 1981
 www.Wikipedia.com
 J.B Gupta, “Power systems”
 www.ieeexplore.org

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