Academic Year :2019/2020

Department :English Language and Literature

Filière :English Studies
Semester : 1, Module 8
Course : PULIC SPEAKING

PUBLIC SPEAKING
Perception

Prof. AFKINICH
 Definition
• process for organizing and
interpreting the sensory
impressions to give meaning
to the environment,
• What one perceives 
objective reality,
• Behaviour based on the
perception of what reality is,
not on reality itself,
• Behaviorally, the world as it
is perceived is the important
world.
• 3 factors influence
perception and hence lead to
different perceptions:
Perceiver, target, and
situation.
Pr AFKINICH Public Speking 2
 Factors influencing
perception

• Perceiver;

• Target;

• Situation.

Mr AFKINICH PHILO
TRENDS 2009-
2010
 Perceiver

• Definition,
• The perceiver is the set of
personal characteristics
that heavily influence the
interpretation (e.g. the
sudden feeling that
something is found
everywhere)

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 Perceiver’s
characteristics

• Attitudes;
• Motives;
• Interest;
• Past experience,
• Expectations.

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 Perceiver’ s most common
characteristics 1
• Attitudes; The attitude you
have towards something will
definitely have a say on how
you handle it (e.g attitude to
class heavily influences
learning),
• Motives: For example
unsatisfied motives or needs
may exert a strong influence
on perception
• e.g. hunger test: Hungry
people shown blurred picture
to interpret.
• Nearly all MrofAFKINICH
themPHILO said pictures
of food items.
TRENDS
2010
2009-
 Perceiver’ s most common
characteristics 2
• Interest: It goes without saying that
we have different individual
interests,
• These give rise to different
perception of reality
• E.g. being attentive in class while
being preoccupied by problems is
next to impossible.
• Past experience: Generally,
humans perceive what they can
relate to,
• Past experience may act to nullify
your interest in an object
• Objects that have not been the
subject of a past experience are
more noticeable than others,
• E.g. women as car electricians Sidi
Slimane VS Kénitra)
Mr AFKINICH PHILO
TRENDS 2009-
2010
 Perceiver’ s most common
characteristics 3

• Expectations: You will

‘see’ what you expect to
see,
• You will definitely see
people the way you
expect them to be
regardless of their traits.

Mr AFKINICH PHILO
TRENDS 2009-
2010
 Target
• .2 Target
• The characteristics of the
target shape the way we see
it :
– Motion,
– size,
– sounds, and
– other attributes.

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 SITUATION /
BACKGROUND

• What we see depends on

how we separate a figure
from its general background
. Look at the two pictures
that follow.

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 Background images
• Look at following picture and
say what is it that you saw

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Mr AFKINICH PHILO
TRENDS 2009-
2010
 Jaron Zepel Lanier
• Jaron Zepel Lanier is an
American computer philosophy
writer, computer scientist, visual
artist, and composer of classical
music,
• Considered a founding father of
the field of virtual reality, Lanier
and Thomas G. Zimmerman left
Atari in 1985 to found VPL
Research, Inc., the first company
to sell VR goggles and gloves,
• In the late 1990s, Lanier worked
on applications for Internet2, and
in the 2000s, he was a visiting
scholar at Silicon Graphics and
various universities. Public Speking

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Pr AFKINICH