23 December 2019 1

Presented By:
Sampurna Panda
Shibson Pati
Debasish Pattnaik
Jitendra kumar Sahoo
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PRESENTATION PLAN
• Objective
• Apparatus Required
• Theory
• Circuit Diagram
• Procedure
• Observation
• Calculation
• Conclusion
• Precaution
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OBJECTIVE

• This as an elegant method of testing d.c machines. Here

it will be shown that while power drawn from the supply
only corresponds to no load losses of the machines.

• In this test of 2 identical d.c machines efficiencies of two

machines are determined.

• This method of determining the efficiency of a d.c.

machine saves power and gives more accurate results.
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APPARATUS REQUIRED
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THEORY
• Two identical d.c. shunt machines are mechanically coupled
and connected in parallel across the d.c. supply. By adjusting
the field excitations of the machines, one is run as a motor and
the other as a generator.

• The electric power from the generator and electrical power

from the d.c. supply are fed to the motor. The electric power
given to the motor is mostly converted into mechanical power,
the rest going to the various motor losses.

• This mechanical power is given to the generator. The electrical

power of the generator is given to the motor except that which
is wasted as generator losses.
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CONT.
• Thus the electrical power taken from the d.c. supply is the
sum of motor and generator losses and this can be
measured directly by a voltmeter and an ammeter.

• By adjusting the field strengths of the machines, any load

can be put on the machines. Therefore, wecan measure
the total loss of the machines at any load.
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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PROCEDURE
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. After checking the minimum position of field rheostat of motor,

maximum position of field rheostat of generator, opening of SPST switch,
DPST switch is closed and starting resistance is gradually removed.

3. The motor is brought to its rated speed by adjusting the field

rheostat of the motor.

4. The voltmeter V1 is made to read zero by adjusting field rheostat of

generator and SPST switch is closed.

5. By adjusting field rheostats of motor and generator, various

Ammeter readings, voltmeter readings are noted.

6. The rheostats and SPST switch are brought to their original

positions and DPST switch is opened.
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OBSERVATION
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CALCULATION
FORMULAE:
• Input Power = VI1 watts
• Motor armature cu loss = (I1+ I2)2 Ra watts
• Generator armature cu loss = I22 Ra watts
• Total Stray losses W = V I1 - (I1+I2)2 Ra + I22 Ra watts.
• Stray loss per machine = W/2 watts.

• AS MOTOR:
• Input Power = Armature input + Shunt field input
= (I1+ I2) V + I3V = (I1+I2+I3) V
• Total Losses = Armature Cu loss + Field loss + stray
loss
= (I1 + I2)2 Ra + VI3 + W/2 watts
Input power – Total Losses
• Efficiency % = ------------------------------------- x 100%
Input Power
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CONT.
AS GENERATOR:
• Output Power = VI2 watts
• Total Losses = Armature Cu loss+
Field Loss + Stray loss = I22 Ra + VI4 + W/2 watts

Output power
• Efficiency % = ------------------------------- x 100%
Output Power+ Total Losses
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CONCLUSION
• Thus Hopkinson’s test is conducted on a pair of identical
DC machines the efficiency of the machine as generator
and as motor are determined.

PRECATUIONS:
1. The field rheostat of the motor should be in the minimum position at the
time of starting and stopping the machine.
2. The field rheostat of the generator should be in the maximum position at
the time of starting and stopping the machine.
3. SPST switch should be kept open at the time of starting and stopping the
machine.