Faculty of Engineering

Fluid Mechanics

Dr. Eng. Hasan Hamouda

Lecture 12
 Bernoulli Equation_Example 6
Pump draws water from reservoir (A) and lifts it to a higher reservoir (B), as shown
below, the head loss from A to the pump = 4v2/2g and the head loss from the pump
to B = 7 v2/2g. compute the pressure head the pump must deliver. The pressure
head at the inlet of pump = -6m.

B
B

A
p1 V12 p2 V22
  z1    z 2  hL
g 2 g g 2 g

0  0  4  6 
V 2 0
4V 
2

2 * 9.81 2 * 9.81 3

5V 
2
10 
2 * 9.81 1
2
V  6.26 m
p1 V12 p3 V32
  z1    z3  hL  H P
g 2 g g 2 g
11V 
2
0  0  4  0  0  54   HP
2 * 9.81
116.26 
2
H P  50   72m
2 * 9.81
 Practical application of
Bernoulli equation
Flow Measuring Devices

 Venturimeter It is a rapidly converging section which

increases the velocity of flow and hence
reduces the pressure

 Orifice meter

 Pitot tube The Pitot tube is a simple velocity

measuring device.
 Venturimeter

Short Converging part Throat

Diverging part
 Venturimeter
p1 V12 p2 V22
  z1    z2
g 2 g g 2 g Horizontal Venturimeter

p1 p2 V22 V12
  
g g 2 g 2 g
V22 V12
h   2 g (h)  V22  V12
2g 2g
Q2 Q2
2 g (h)  V22  V12  2 g ( h)  2  2
A2 A1
Q2  1 1 
h  2 2
2 g  A2 A1 
 A .A 
 A .A  Qactual  Cd  2 gh  1 2 
 A2  A2 
Q  2 gh  1 2   1 2 
 A2  A2 
 1 2 
 Example 1

 A .A 
Qactual  Cd  2 gh  1 2 
 A2  A2 
 1 2 
 0.03141 0.00786 
30 / 1000  0.96  2  9.81 h  

 0.03141  0.00786 
2 2

h  0.756m
 Example 2

hmercury  0.25m
  mercury 
hwater  hmercury    1
  water 
 13600 
hwater  0.25    1  3.15m
 1000 
Example 3
hmercury  0.05m
  mercury 
hoil  hmercury    1
  oil 
 13600 
hoil  0.05    1  0.92m
 700 
 A .A 
Qactual  Cd  2 gh  1 2 
 A2  A2 
 1 2 
 0.1257  0.0314 
Q  0.98  2  9.81 0.92 *  

 0.1257  0.0314 
2 2

Q  0.138 m3 / s
 Orifice meter
p1 V12 p2 V22
  z1    z2
g 2 g g 2 g
p1 p2 V22 V12
  ( z1  z2 )  
g g 2g 2g
V22 V12
h 
2g 2g
Pitot tube
 Using Pitot tube in pipe:
Pitot tube
V  2 g (h2  h1 )
VActual  CV 2 g (h2  h1 )

  mercury 
hwater  hmercury    1
  water 
mercury
 Example 4
In the figure shown, h mercury  200m
 water  1025 kg/m 3
Determine the actual velocity of water in the pipe
if CV  0.95
Sol.
  mercury 
hwater  hmercury    1
  water 
 13600 
hwater  0.2    1  2.45m
 1025 
Vactual  CV 2 gh
Vactual  0.95 2  9.81 2.45  6.6 m / s