Q6.

A gas is contained in a vertical, frictionless piston-cylinder

device. The piston has a mass of 3.2 kg and a cross-sectional
area of 35 cm2. A compressed spring above the piston exerts a
force of 150 N on the piston. If the atmospheric pressure is 95
kPa, determine the pressure inside the cylinder.
Given:
Mass of piston = 3.2 kg
Area = 35 cm2
Spring force = 150 N
Atmospheric pressure (Patm) = 95 kPa

Taking piston as a system and Net Force on it must be equal to zero for equilibrium

Patm(A) + Fspring + mg = Pcylinder(A)

(95x103N/m2)*(35x10-4) + (150 N) + (3.2 kg)*(9.81 m/s2) = Pcylinder*(35x10-4)

Pcylinder(A) = 146.826 kPa

Q7. Both a gage and a manometer are attached to a gas tank
to measure its pressure. If the reading on the pressure gage is
80 kPa, determine the distance between the two fluid levels
of the manometer if the fluid is
a) mercury (ρ = 13,600 kg/m3) or
b) water (ρ = 1000 kg/m3).
Properties:
Density of mercury 𝜌m = 13,600 kg/m3
Density of water𝜌w = 1000 kg/m3

Analysis:
CASE 1 : Mercury
Since gauge pressure is given. Therefore, we don’t need to consider
atmospheric pressure in the equation.

Pg = 𝜌m*g*h
h = Pg/(𝜌m*g) = (80x103N/m2)/(13,600 kg/m3)*(9.81 m/s2)
= 0.599 m
CASE 2 : Water

Pg = 𝜌w *g*h
h = Pg/(𝜌w *g) = (80x103N/m2)/(1000 kg/m3)*(9.81 m/s2)
= 8.15 m
Q8. Blood pressure is usually measured by wrapping a closed air-
filled jacket equipped with a pressure gage around the upper arm
of a person at the level of the heart. Using a mercury manometer
and a stethoscope, the systolic pressure (the maximum pressure
when the heart is pumping) and the diastolic pressure (the
minimum pressure when the heart is resting) are measured in
mm Hg. The systolic and diastolic pressures of a healthy person
are about 120 mm Hg and 80 mm Hg, respectively, and are
indicated as 120/80. Express both of these gage pressures in kPa,
psi, and meter water column.
Properties:
Density of mercury 𝜌m = 13,600 kg/m3
Density of water𝜌w = 1000 kg/m3

Given:
Systolic pressure = 120 mm Hg = 0.12 m
Diastolic pressure = 80 mm Hg = 0.08 m

Analysis:
P = 𝜌*g*h
 In case of Systolic pressure
(a) P = (13,600 kg/m3)*(9.81 m/s2)*(0.12)
= 16,009.92 Pa or 16.009 kPa
(b) 1 PSI = 6894.76 Pa
Therefore, Pressure in PSI = (16,009.92)/(6894.76)
= 2.322 PSI
(c) h = P/(𝜌*g)
hwater = (16,009.92 Pa)/((1000 kg/m3)*(9.81 m/s2))
= 1.632 m of water
 In case of diastolic pressure

(a) P = (13,600 kg/m3)*(9.81 m/s2)*(0.08 m)

= 10,673.28 Pa
= 10.673 kPa
(b) Pressure in PSI = (10,673.28)/(6894.76)
= 1.55 PSI
(c) hwater = (10,673.28 Pa)/((1000 kg/m3)*(9.81 m/s2))
= 1.08 m of water
Q9. Consider the system shown in Fig below. If a change of 0.7 kPa
in the pressure of air causes the brine-mercury interface in the
right column to drop by 5 mm in the brine level in the right
column while the pressure in the brine pipe remains constant,
determine the ratio of A2/A1.
Assumption : All fluid are
incompressible

Given: h’m hb,1

Air pressure drop = 0.7 kPa hm,1
5mm = ∆ ℎ𝑏
Brine – Mercury interface
drop = 5mm
Analysis:
Before
Pair,1 + 𝜌w *g*hw + 𝜌m*g*hm,1 - 𝜌b*g*hb,1 = Pbrine

After
Pair,2 + 𝜌w *g*hw + 𝜌m*g*hm,2 - 𝜌b*g*hb,2 = Pbrine

Since, pressure at Brine pipe remains same,

Pair,1 + 𝜌w *g*hw + 𝜌m*g*hm,1 - 𝜌m*g*hb,1 = Pair,2 + 𝜌w *g*hw + 𝜌m*g*hm,2 - 𝜌m*g*hb,2

(Since, level or height of water remains constant therefore 𝜌w *g*hw cancels out)

Pair,1 - Pair,2 = (𝜌m∗g∗hm,2 − 𝜌m∗g∗hm,1) + (𝜌b∗g∗hb,1 − 𝜌b∗g∗hb,2)

= 𝜌m∗g[hm,2 − hm,1) + 𝜌b∗g[hb,1 − hb,2)
= 𝜌m∗g [hm,1 + h’m + ∆ hb - hm,1] + 𝜌b∗g[hb,1 – (hb,1+ ∆ hb) ]
 = 𝜌m∗g [h’m + ∆ hb] + 𝜌b∗g[-∆ hb) ]
= 𝜌m∗g [h’m + ∆ hb] - [∆ hb ∗ 𝜌b∗g]
Now, h’m = ?

A2*∆ hb = A1*h’m {Continuity equation}

h’m = (A2/A1)* ∆ hb
Pair,1 - Pair,2 = 𝜌m∗g [h’m + ∆ hb] - [∆ hb ∗ 𝜌b∗g]
= 𝜌m∗g [(A2/A1)* ∆ hb + ∆ hb] - [∆ hb ∗ 𝜌b∗g]
= 𝜌m∗g*∆ hb [(A2/A1)+ 1] - [∆ hb ∗ 𝜌b∗g]
From given data,
 700 = (13.5x103)*(9.81x5x10-3)*(A2/A1 + 1) – (1.1x103)*(5x10-3)*(9.81)
 A2/A1 = 0.138