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Optoelectronic
Presented BY
Farooq Khan

& his
Team CEO of office
JOB
 Topics
1. Optoelectronics
2 2. Wavelength and Frequency & Response of Human Eyes
3. LED
4. Photomultiplier Tube
5. Photovoltaic Devices
 OPTOELECTRONICS
☼ product of technology that combine optics with electronic
☼ light interaction with electronics devices
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Two Main categories of Optoelectronics

Photomessive
Emitters OR
photo conductive

 produced electricity with (

 emit light ( visible or non- solid non solid device
visible)
 Convert light into electricity
 convert electricity into light
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 distance between two peaks

 number of waves per second

 c = f 𝜆
 Where 𝑐 = 3 𝑥 108 m/s & f in Hz ( hertz)
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 Human Eye is like a fiber having response similar to that of turned circuit
 its response in visible part of spectrum form 400 to 700 nm
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 Semiconductor diode that emits incoherent narrow spectrum light

when electricity is passed.
 Forward biased P-N junction
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P N

 Forward biased P-N junction and which emits visible light.

 charge carrier recombine and takes place when electron form N- side
cross the junction and recombine with the holes on P- side.
 Electrons are in higher conduction band in N-side
 Some of the energy difference in form of photons ( energy packets)
or heat is formed.
 LED emits no light when in reversed biased.
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 P type layer is kept uppermost

 N types is grown on substrate
 The metal anode connection are at the outer edge of the P-edge
 In order to avoid reabsorption process, LED are made of domed lenses
 A metal film is applied for reflecting light as much as possible and also
protect cathode and wires
 Charge Carrier Recombine and LED work as light emitting Diodes
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 burglar Alarm System

 CRT (Cathode Rays Tube)

 Silica fiber optical cables

 Seven segment Array of Color in LEDs

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 Extremely sensitive detector of light in the ultraviolet, visible

and near infrared
 Multiplies the signal produced by incident light by as much as
108

 High gain, low noise, high frequency response, and large area
of collection
 A tiny and normally undetectable current becomes a much
larger and easily measurable current
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 Made of a glass vacuum tube

 Several dynodes
 Photocathode
 One anode
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 Electron is released by the photocathode
 Electron is then multiplied by the channel dynodes
 At the end of the chain is the collection electrode Anode
 The current flowing from the anode to ground is directly
proportional to the photoelectron flux generated
by the photocathode
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 Made of silicon OR selenium

 P-n junction , without any bias

 Revese Baise Photovoltic device

 They are bulk type and single layer of photosensitive
materials
 The device utilizing it is photodiodes
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