Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
1
TRAINING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the training, participants should be able to;
3
INTRODUCTION
• According to Occupational Safety and Health
Administration’s Act (OSHA) every employer has a
legal obligation to make work and workplace to
be free from known hazards that could cause
serious injury and death.
• Statistics from International Labor Organization
(ILO) shows that about 250 million work related
accidents and 160 million work related diseases
occur world-wide every year, which results to
about 1.2 million death per year.
4
MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT
• Management needs to develop and demonstrate a
long term serious commitment towards protecting
every employee from injury and illness on the job.
• Managers have to invest serious time and money into
effective safety management by developing the 5 P’s
within the safety management system;
Plans
Programs
Policies
Procedures
Processes
5
MANAGEMENT REASONS TOWARDS SAFETY
COMMITMENT
• Employers put time and money into the safety of
employees for one or more of the following basic
reasons;
To fulfill social imperative
The management appreciate the inherent value of
each employee, not just as a worker, but as a corporate
family member. Safety is perceived as a core corporate
value that does not change when the going gets tough.
This reason/strategy is the most effective in the long
term and when managers value safety at this level,
they naturally employ the next two reasons.
6
MANAGEMENT REASONS TOWARDS SAFETY
COMMITMENT CONTD.
To fulfill fiscal imperative
The management focuses on the financial
benefits derived from effective application of
safety programs and this reason/strategy can be
quite effective. These managers will do whatever
needs to be done proactively or reactively to save
on direct and indirect costs of accidents.
Commitment to safety may however be subjected
to rapid change when the going gets tough.
7
MANAGEMENT REASONS TOWARDS SAFETY
COMMITMENT CONTD.
To fulfill legal imperative
The management develop and implement safety
programs to comply with safety regulatory bodies
like OSHA and National Industrial Safety Council
of Nigeria (NISCN). These managers want to stay
out of trouble, so they do only what has to be
done to meet minimum requirements. This
reason/strategy most often results to eye-service
and it is the least effective.
8
PROACTIVE AND REACTIVE SAFETY STRATEGIES
9
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION CHANNELS
10
WORKPLACE HAZARDS
• Hazard is any workplace condition or person’s state of being
(behavior) that could cause an accident, which ultimately results to
injury or illness to an employee.
• Workplace hazards can be categorized into 5 categories;
Materials
Equipments
Environment
People
System
Acronym for remembrance (MEEPS)
• Research findings indicate that workplace hazardous conditions
represent only about 3% of the causes for accidents in workplaces,
while unsafe work practices or behaviors represent up to 95% of
the causes for accidents.
11
WORKPLACE HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
• To identify and control workplace hazards, two basic
strategies are used;
Walk-around inspection
This involves daily inspection of the materials,
equipments, tools, environment and workstations at the
start of each workday by employees for hazardous
conditions. This inspection can be carried out periodically
by the safety committee.
Job hazard analysis (JHA)
This is more effective than the walk-around inspection
because, it uncovers both the hazardous conditions and
unsafe work practices (behavior) in a work place.
12
SAMPLE JHA WORKSHEET
13
WORKPLACE HAZARDS CONTROL
• Controlling exposures to occupational hazards is the fundamental
key to protecting workers in their workplaces.
• Hierarchy of controls has been used as a means of determining how
to implement feasible and effective controls, which includes;
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering controls
Administrative controls
Personal protective equipments (PPE)
•
The idea behind this hierarchy is that the controls method at the
top are potentially more effective and protective than those at the
bottom, and following the hierarchy normally leads to the
implementation of inherently safer systems, which should
substantially reduce the risk of accidents.
14
BE AWARE AND ALWAYS REMEMBER!
• NO HAZARDS… NO EXPOSURE… NO ACCIDENT…
15
INCIDENT AND ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS
• Incident is an unexpected event that may result in property
damage, but does not result in an injury or illness and it is also
known as “near misses” or “near hits”.
• Accident is an unexpected event that may result in property
damage, but does result in an injury or illness.
• It is important to conduct incident and accident investigations
whenever there is any accident or incident as a result of safety
management system’s weakness or failure.
• The essence of the above exercise is to find facts that would be of
great importance towards fixing the system to avoid future
occurrence of the incident or accident.
•
Accident and incident investigations should not be aimed towards
establishment of blames, and that is the reason I prefer using the
term “incident and accident analysis” rather than the word
“investigations”.
16
INCIDENT AND ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION PROCEDURES
17
IMPLICATIONS OF IGNORING SAFETY
RULES AND POLICIES
• Ignoring safety rules and policies by employees could result
to the following consequences;
Injury
Illness
Deformity
Death
Loss of income
Downtime or Idle time
Low productivity
Breakdown of machines/tools
Disciplinary action
Loss of jobs
18
IMPLICATIONS OF IGNORING SAFETY
RULES AND POLICIES CONTD.
• It is expected of everyone irrespective of their status and
rank to strictly adhere to the organizations’ safety rules and
policies to promote safe and healthy workplace.
•
Top management team have to show strong commitment
to the organizations’ safety rules and policies by strictly
obeying the rules to show good examples to their
• subordinates.
A more severe level of discipline should be given to any top
management team for violating safety rules and policies
because such person(s) is/are creating the room for his/her
subordinates to violate the same safety rules
19
THANK YOU
20