COMPLEX

SENTENCE:
ADVERBIAL
CLAUSE
BY. A M B A R
A. DEFINITION
1. A COMPLEX SENTENCE IS MADE UP OF AN
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE AND ONE OR MORE
DEPENDENT CLAUSE, THERE ARE THREE KINDS
OF DEPENDENT CLAUSE:
1. ADVERB
2. ADJECTIVE
3. NOUN
THE FOLLOWING CHART PROVIDES AN
OVERVIEW OF.
ADVERB CLAUSE
A DEPENDENT CLAUSE BEGINS AN ADVERBIAL
SUBORDINATOR SUCH AS WHEN, WHILE, BECAUSE,
ALTHOUGH, IF, SO THAT, ETC.
1. ALTHOUGH AHMAD WAS SICK, HE
WENT TO CLASS
2. AHMAD WENT TO CLASS ALTHOUGH HE
WAS SICK
NOTICE THAT THERE ARE TWO POSSIBLE POSITION
FOR AN ADVERB CLAUSE: BEFORE OR AFTER THE
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. IF IT COMES BEFORE THE
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE, IT IS FOLLOWED BY A
COMMA (SENTENCE 1) IF IT COMES AFTER THE
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. NO COMMA IS USED
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE
A DEPENDENT ADJECTIVE (RELATIVE) CLAUSE
BEGINS WITH A RELATIVE PRONOUN SUCH AS
WHO, WHOM, WHICH, WHOSE, OR THAT, OR WITH
A RELATIVE ADVERB SUCH AS WHERE OR WHEN.
AN ADJECTIVE CLAUSE FUNCTIONS AS AN
ADJECTIVE; THAT IS, IT MODIFIES A NOUN OR
PRONOUN.
1. MEN WHO ARE NOT MARRIED ARE CALLED
BACHELORS.
2. LAST YEAR WE WENT TO ON THE RED SEA,
WHICH FEATURES EXCELLENT SCUBA DIVING.
NOUN CLAUSE
A DEPENDENT NOUN CLAUSE FUNCTION AS A
NOUN AND BEGINS WITH A WH-QUESTION WORD,
THAT, WHETHER, OR SOMETIMES IF. A
DEPENDENT NON CLAUSE CAN BE EITHER A
SUBJECT (SENTENCE 5) OR AN OBJECT (SENTENCE
6) NO COMMAS ARE NECESSARY
1. THAT THERE IS A DIFFICULT PROBLEM IN THIS
LIFE IS NATURAL
2. SCIENTISTS BELIEVE THAT THEY CAN
DISCOVER THE MEDICINE FOR HIV.
EXCERSISE 1
BELOW ARE COMPLEX SENTENCES. PLEASE IDENTIFY THE
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE AND DEPENDENT CLAUSE IN EACH
SENTENCE BY UNDERLINING WITH ONE LINE FOR
INDEPENDENT AND TWO LINES FOR DEPENDENT CLAUSE.
BESIDES THAT, WRITE THE SUB ABOVE THE
SUBORDINATORS, SEE THE EXAMPLE:
SUB
EXAMPLE: BECAUSE ARMANDO WAS VERY DILIGENT, HE
GOT THE BEST STUDENT AWARD.
1. WHEN STUDENTS FROM OTHER COUNTRIES COME TO
AUSTRALIA, THEY OFTEN SUFFER FROM CULTURE SHOCK.
2. BECAUSE THE GOVERNMENT ERADICATES THE
CORRUPTION SERIOUSLY, THE PEOPLE FEEL HAPPY
3. PLEASE TELL ME WHERE THE STUDENT UNION IS
4. ENGINEERS, WHO HAVE AN APTITUDE FOR DRAFTING AND
MECHANICS, MUST ALSO BE ARTISTIC AND IMAGINATIVE.
5. WHILE THE CONTRACTOR FOLLOWS THE BLUEPRINT, THE
ENGINEER CHECKS THE CONSTRUCTION IN PROGRESS.
6. SINCE THE BLUEPRINT PRESENT THE DETAILS OF THE
ENGINEER’S PLAN, IT MUST BE INTERPRETED ACCURATELY
BY THE CONTRACTOR
7. STUDENTS SHOULD DECLARE A MAJOR BY THEIR JUNIOR
YEAR UNLESS THEY HAVE NOT MADE UP THEIR MINDS.
8. EVEN THOUGH STUDENTS DECLARE A MAJOR NOW, THEY
CAN CHANGE IT LATER
9. LAST YEAR, THE GOVERNMENT REPORTED THAT DRUG USE IS
INCREASING.
10. DOCTORS ARE CONCERNED ABOUT DRUG USE BY YOUNG
PEOPLE, WHO THINK THAT SMOKING MARIJUANA IS RISK-
FREE.
B. COMPLEX SENTNECES WITH ADVERBIAL
CLAUSE
AS ELABORATED ABOVE, COMPLEX SENTENCES MUST
CONSIST AN INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT CLAUSE.
IN A COMPLEX SENTENCE CAN BE IN THE FORM AN
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE

AN ADVERBIAL CLAUSE IS DEPENDENT CLAUSE

INTRODUCED BY AN ADVERBIAL SUBORDINATOR. IT IS
USED TO MODIFY THE VERB OF THE INDEPENDENT
CLAUSE AND TELLS WHEN (TIME), WHERE (PLACE),
WHY (REASON), FOR WHAT PURPOSE, HOW, HOW
LONG, OR HOW FAR.
IT IS ALSO USED TO SHOW CONTRAS:
CONCESSION,(UNEXPECTED RESULT)
AND DIRECT OPPOSITION.

BASED ON THE SUBORDINATORS THAT

INTRODUCE THE DEPENDENT CLAUSES,
ADVERBIAL CAN BE DIFFERENTIATED
INTO SEVERAL KINDS AS FOLLOWS:
C. ADVERBIAL SUBORDINATORS

CATEGORY SUBORDINATORS MEANING

Time When A point in time/short duration

Whenever At any time
While At the time/longer duration
As soon as Immediately at or instantly after the time
that
After Following the time that
Since From that time/moment
As While / when
Before Earlier than the time when
Until Up to the time of
Place Where A definite place
Anywhere Anyplace
Wherever Anyplace
everywhere aeveryplace
Distance/ As + adverb + as Comparison
Frequency
Manner As
As if In the way or manner that/like
As though
Reason Because For the reason that
As
Since
Result So + Adjective +that With the result that
So + adverb + that
Such a (an) + noun
phrase + that so
Purpose So that For the purpose of
In order that
Concession Although Unexpected result
(unexpected Though
result) Even though
Contras (direct While Direct opposition
opposition) whereas
D. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF TIME
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF TIME IS INTRODUCED BY
SUBORDINATORS: WHEN (EVER), WHILE, AS SOON AS, AFTER,
SINCE, AS, BEFORE, AND UNTIL.

EXERCISE 2:
THERE ARE TWO SENTENCES IN EVERY NUMBER BELOW, PLEASE
COMBINE THE SENTENCES TO CREATE COMPLEX SENTENCE
USING THE APPROPRIATE SUBORDINATORS WHEN (EVER),
WHILE, AS SOON AS, AFTER, SINCE, AS, BEFORE, AND UNTIL
EX: EVERYONE SHOULD WASH HIS HAND, HE EATS RICE
EVERYONE SHOULD WASH HIS HAND BEFORE HE EATS RICE
1 TSUNAMI CAME, PEOPLE WERE NOT AWARE
2. HE HAS STUDIED ENGLISH, HE WAS CHILD
3. YOU ARE SURE THAT TSUNAMI IS OVER, YOU MAY
BEGIN TO MOVE AROUND
4. YOU HAVE TO SUBMIT YOUR ASSIGNMENT, YOU
FINISH IT
5. I WAKE UP IN THE MORNING. I ALWAYS TAKE
SHOWER
6. I WILL NOT TALK TO YOU. YOU SAY YOU ARE SORRY
7. I EAT ICE CREAM. I FEEL A SHARP PAIN INSIDE
MY HEAD
8. SARI EAT HER BREAKFAST. SHE READ THE NEWSPAPER
9.I PROMISE SOMEONE I WILL DO SOMETHING. I TRY MY
BEST TO DO IT PERFECTLY
10. I FOUND A WALLET WITH 1 MILLION DOLLARS INSIDE. I
WAS WALKING DOWNTOWN.
E.ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF PALCE
AN ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF PLACE TELLS WHERE THE
ACTION TAKES PLACE. THIS IS INTRODUCED BY SOME
SUBORDINATOR: WHERE, WHEREVER, EVERYWHERE,
AND ANYWHERE.
EXAMPLES:
1. STUDENT PREFER TO SHOP WHERE THEY CAN GET A
CHEAP PRICE.
2. EVERYWHERE WE GO. WE MUST MAKE ADAPTATION
3. FOREIGN TOURISTS IN JOGJA PREFER TO VISITS
WHEREVER
THE HISTORICAL PLACES EXIT.
4. I USUALLY STOP FOR LUNCH ANYWHERE THAT IS
CONVENIENT.
EXERCISE 3
THERE ARE TWO SENTENCES IN EVERY NUMBER
BELOW. PLEASE COMBINE THE SENTENCES TO
CREATE COMPLEX SENTENCES USING THE
APPROPRIATE SUBORDINATORS WHERE,
WHEREVER,, AND ANYWHERE.
EXAMPLE:
PEOPLE PREFER TO TAKE MONEY, ATM CARD CAN
BE USED.
PEOPLE PREFER TAKE MONEY WHERE ATM CARD
CAN BE USED.
1, BANK CUSTOMERS TEND TO WITHDRAW MONEY.
ATM CARDS CAN BE UTILIZES.
2. YOU CANNOT USE ATM CARDS,
YOU SHOP.
3.THERE ARE A FEW PLACES OF
BUSINESS, A CREDIT CARD IS NOT
ACCEPTED.
4. SARI EAT HER BREAKFAST. SHE LIKES.
5. I ALWAYS TAKE A SHOWER, I FIND A
CLEAN RIVER
E. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF MANNER, DISTANCE
AND FREQUENCY
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF MANNER, ,DISTANCE, AND
FREQUENCY ARE INTRODUCED BY AS + ADVERB + AS, AS,
AND AS IF/AS THOUGHT.
1. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF MANNER USUALLY THE
QUESTION “HOW?”
2. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF DISTANCE USUALLY THE
ANSWER QUESTION “HOW FAR?”
3. ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF FREQUENCY USUALLY
ANSWER THE QUESTION “HOW OFTEN?”
EXAMPLE:
1. BECAUSE OF THE TIME LIMITATION, THE STUDENTS
TO EXAM AS QUICKLY AS THEY CAN, (MANNER)
2. THE DEMONSTRATOR LEFT AS THE
POLICE HAD ORDERED (MANNER)
3. THE BOSSY BOY ORDERS HIS
FRIENDS AS IF HE WERE THE BOSS
ON THAT PLACE ( MANNER)
4. UDIN JOGS ON THE BEACH AS FAR
AS HE CAN
5. IN ORDER TO GAIN WEIGHT, TOMY
EATS AS OFTEN AS HE CAN
EXERCISE 4
WRITE COMPLEX SENTENCES WHICH CONSIST OF
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF MANNER, DISTANCE, AND
FREQUENCY USING SUBORDINATOR AS, AS FAR AS,
AS OFTEN, AS THOUGHT/AS IF.
EXAMPLE:
HERE, PLEASE DON’T BEHAVE AS IF YOU ARE THE
OWNER.
1
2
3
4
5
F. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF REASON.
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF REASON USUALLY BEGINS
WITH SUBORDINATOR “BECAUSE, SINCE AND AS.
THE CLAUSE IS THE ANSWER TO THE QUESTION
“WHY?”
EXAMPLE:
THE HOUSES AND ALL KINDS OF BUILDING
COLLAPSED BECAUSE THE EARTHQUAKE REACHED
9 RICHTER SCALE. ………………….AS THE PRICE OF
GASOLINE HAS INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY, THE
CAR OWNERS TEND TO GO TO OFFICE BY BUS.
HE GETS THE BEST SCORE SINCE HE ALWAYS
STUDIES HARD.
EXERCISE 5
WRITE COMPLEX SENTENCES WHICH
CONSIST OF ADVERBIAL OF REASON USING
SUBORDINATOR SINCE, BECAUSE AND AS.
EXAMPLE:
THOSE CHILDREN ARE LAUGHING BECAUSE
THEY WATCH FUNNY CARTOON.
1
2
3
4
5
F. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF RESULT
AS SHOWN IN THE CHART ABOVE, A RESULT CLAUSE IS INTRODUCED BY:
1. SO + ADJECTIVE + THAT
2. SO + ADVERB + THAT
3. SUCH A (N) + NOUN + THAT
4. SO MUCH, MANY, LITTLE, + NOUN
PHRASE + THAT
EXAMPLE:
1. BUYING A HOUSE IN YOGYAKARTA IS SO EXPENSIVE THAT MANY
PEOPLE CHOOSE TO RENT INSTEAD.
2. MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY IS SUCH A BIG PLACE THAT I COULDN’T
FIND YOU EASILY.
3. THIS BOARDING HOUSE IS SO MUCH NOISE THAT I CANNOT STUDY WELL
EXERCISE:
WRITE THE COMPLEX SENTENCES
EXAMPLE: THERE IS ALWAYS SO MANY KINDS OF BOOK IN THIS STORE THAT I
LIKE TO BUY THERE.
1.
2
G. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF PURPOSE.
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF PURPOSE STATES THE PURPOSE OF THE ACTION
IN THE INDEPENDENT CLAUSE. THE PURPOSE CLAUSE IS INTRODUCED
BY SUBORDINATOR SO THAT OR IN ORDER THAT. IN ORDER THAT IS
MORE FORMAL THAN SO THAT.
1. YOU SHOULD BE PATIENT SO THAT YOU WILL BE SUCCESSFUL
IN YOUR EFFORT.
2. THE SHOPKEEPERS MUST SMILE IN ORDER THAT THE
CUSTOMERS WILL KEEP COMING TO SHOP.
THE PURPOSE CLAUSE USUALLY EMPLOY THE MODALS LIKE :
MAY/MIGHT, WILL/WOULD, CAN/COULD, OR HAVE TO
EXERCISE:
WRITE COMPLEX SENTENCES WHICH CONSIST OF ADVERBIAL OF
PURPOSE USING SUBORDINATOR SO THAT AND IN ORDER THAT.
EXAMPLE: T
HERE IS ALWAYS SO MANY KINDS OF BOOK IN THIS STORE THAT I LIKE
TO BUY THERE.
H. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF CONSENSION (UNEXPECTED RESULT)
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF CONCESSION IS EMPLOYED TO EXPRESS IDEAS OR
ACTION THAT ARE NOT EXPECTED, THIS CLAUSE IS PRECEDED BY
SUBORDINATOR ALTHOUGH, EVEN THOUGH AND THOUGH.
1. ALTHOUGH I HAVE MUCH MONEY, I DON’T TREAT
YOU
2. I DON’T TREAT YOU ALTHOUGH I HAVE MUCH
MONEY.
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EXPECTED AN UNEXPECTED RESULT CAN BE
NOTICED THROUGH THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLES THAT USE SUBORDINATOR
BECAUSE AND EVEN THOUGH.
EXAMPLE:
1. BECAUSE TODAY IS RAINING, I DON’T GO TO CLASS (EXPECTED RESULT)
2. EVEN THOUGH TODAY IS RAINING, I GO TO CLASS (UNEXPECTED RESULT)
EXERCISE 8
WRITE COMPLEX SENTENCE WHICH CONSIST OF ADVERBIAL OF PURPOSE USING
SUBORDINATOR : ALTHOUGH, EVEN THOUGH, AND THOUGH.
EXAMPLE: ALTHOUGH YOU DO NOT GET INVITATION YOU SHOULD COME TO HER
BIRTHDAY PARTY.
H. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF CONTRAS (DIRECT OPPOSITION)
ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF CONTRAS SHOW A CONTRAS
INFORMATION BETWEEN THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT
CLAUSE. THIS CLAUSE BEGINS WITH SUBORDINATOR WHEREAS
AND WHILE.
EXAMPLE:
1. INDONESIA IS VERY HOT, WHEREAS THE
NORTH POLE IS EXTREMELY COLD.
2. WHILE HELSINKI IS EXTREMELY COLD,
INDONESIA IS VERY HOT
NOTICE THAT A COMMA IS ALWAYS USED BETWEEN THE TWO
CLAUSE.
EXERCISE 9
WRITE COMPLEX SENTENCE WHICH CONSIST ADVERBIAL OF
CONTRAS
EXAMPLE: ALTHOUGH I LIKE COLOR, I DON’T LIKE THE SHAPE
JANGAN MALAS
LATIHAN