I MM U N I T Y

GENERAL BIOLOGY II
I N N A T E IMMUNITY RESPONSE
The first line of defense against non-self pathogens.

The innate immune response consists of physical, chemical and

cellular defenses against pathogens.

The main purpose of the innate immune response is to immediately

prevent the spread and movement of foreign pathogens throughout
the body.
2 T Y P E S O F PATHOGEN
Extracellular pathogen – a bacterial pathogen that can grow
and reproduce freely, and may move extensively within the
tissues of the body.

Intracellular pathogens- are organisms that are capable of

growing and reproducing inside host cells.
 When a pathogen enters the body, cells in the blood and
lymph detect the specific pathogen associated molecular
patters (PAMPs) on the pathogen’s surface.

PAMPs are carbohydrate, polypeptide, and nucleic acid

“signatures” that are expressed by viruses, bacteria, and
parasites but which differ from molecules on host
SPECIFIC CELLS THAT RECEIVE PAMPS
A D A P T I V E IMMUNITY RESPONSE
The second line of defense against non-self pathogens is called
adaptive immune response.

Adaptive immunity is also referred to as acquired immunity or

specific immunity and is only found in vertebrates.

Adaptive Immunity has memory.

Adaptive immunity is dependent to the innate immunity system.

Without the information from it, the adaptive immunity response
could not be mobilized.
2 T Y P E S O F ADAPTIVE RESPONSES

Cell-Mediated Immune Response- is carried out by T cells.

Humoral Immune Response- is controlled by activated B cells

and antibodies.
 During the adaptive immune response to a pathogen that
has not been encountered before, called a primary
response, plasma secreting antibodies and differentiated T
cells increases, then plateaus over time.

As B and T cells mature into effector cells, a subset of naïve

populations differentiates into B and T memory cells with
the same antigen specificities.
Clonal expansion is the rapid increase of T and B
lymphocytes from one or a few cells to millions.
ADAPTIVE VS INNATE IMMUNITY RESPONSE
Line of Timeline Cells Antigen Examples
Defense Dependency

Innate First Immediate Natural killer Independent Skin, hair, cough,

(non-specific) response (0 - cells, mucous
96 hours) macrophages, membranes,
neutrophils, phagocytes,
dendritic cells, granulocytes
mast cells,
basophils,
eosinophils

Adaptive Second Long term (>96 T and B Dependent Pus, swelling,

(specific) hours) lymphocytes redness, pain, T
and B lymphocyte
response
VACC I NO L 0G I S T
Vaccination (immunization) involves the delivery, usually by
injection, of noninfectious antigen(s) derived from known
pathogens

Immunological memory is the reason vaccines work.

Vaccinologist are involve in the process of vaccine development

from the initial idea to the availability of the completed vaccine