Reflection of Islam and

Democracy After The Arab

Spring
Group members:
1. Ammar Muhaimin bin Alias 60268
• 2. Muhammad Harith bin Harapi 61623
• 3. Langeswaran A/L Shankar 64526
• 4. Dineshwara Naidu A/L A. Krishnan 60654
Introduction

Because democratic Words, "while in Europe,

Authors maintain that in most Religious discourse has often
governance provides the very secular discourse was the
countries with vast Muslim expressed populist opposition
basic tenets of a good and vehicle of political opposition
populations, domestic actors to authoritarianism.
just society as an ideal point to authoritarian
have positively normative The authors believe that it is
of arrival in Islamic thought. governments, in Muslim-
attitudes toward democracy anachronistic to discuss the
In their own majority countries,

Compatibility of Islam with Circumstances and hence,

Accordingly, the core
democracy. Actual debate have different paths to
argument of the book is that
now, they maintain, should be democracy. Thus, democratic No watershed moment for
countries with Islamic
whether "what forms a transformation was present Muslim-majority societies
traditions have different
democratic state can take in a before and after the Arab
political and historical
Muslim majority Spring; it was
 Muslim encounters with
democracy have been a long one
that stretches from
The book
talks about : Reformist Muslim intellectuals
and anti-colonialism to modern
day mass protests, as in the Arab
Spring
Four major successive waves of
democratization in Muslim-majority
societies
First , attempts of constitutional reformists to expand popular participation
during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

Second, decolonization era when post-colonial states across the world began
their quest for political liberalization

Third, increasing number of countries, which began to hold multi-party elections

Fourth, Middle East region witnessed the fourth wave of democratic quest with
the advent of the Arab Spring.
Factors that
contribute to 1 ) EUROPEAN 2) STRENGTH OF MILITARY
strength of COLONIZATION AFTER POST-
INDEPENDENCE

democracy
in Muslim-
majority
societies
3)LEVEL OF ECONOMIC 4) GEOPOLITICAL
DEVELOPMENT COMPETITION
Diversity of political
liberalization in Muslim-
majority societies

• The author has studied about 7 muslim

countries which is :
1)Turkey
2) Tunisia
3) Iran
4) Pakistan
5) Indonesia
6) Senegal
7) Egypt
• Turkey
-a non-colonized country with four military involvement
-democratic expansion became possible only after the
subordination of the military under civilian politics.
• Iran
-Similar to Turkey
-Islamic authoritarianism emerged instead of democracy
in reaction to foreign imperialism and domestic partners
• Senegal
-Country with no military involvement , democratic
transition was an outcome of a slow change that has been
shaped by ethnic groups and their elites
• Tunisia
-Transition to democracy was an outcome of mass protests
that disseminated in the region as the Arab Spring, while a
similar process seems to have strengthened
authoritarianism in Egypt
 • This book has certain merits in its aim to
provide the big picture and overarching themes
in discussion of Muslim majority countries
democratic experience as the author leaves the
reader with new insights and interesting
Conclusion conclusions. Thus, it would be much more
desirable to see some theoretical and empirical
implications of non-Western democracy with
the cases of Muslim-majority societies
presented in the book.