5G NR

Overview
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Agenda
 NR Architecture
 3GPP Release
 NR Radio Frequency
 Key Technologies

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5G Service and Requirements

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5G NR Architecture

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NR Architecture

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NR Architecture

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NR Architecture

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NR Architecture
gNB may be split into
5GC
a central unit (gNB-
CU) and one or more NG NG
distributed units (gNB-
DUs) NG-RAN
More deployment flexibility gNB Xn-C gNB
Better support for e.g. low gNB-CU
latency services
One gNB-CU may
F1 F1
connect to multiple
gNB-DUs
One gNB-DU may gNB-DU gNB-DU

support one or more

cells
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NR Architecture

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NR Architecture
 Split option FAPI/nFAPI?

F1 eCPRI

CU DU RU

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NR Architecture
 L1 Split option

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3GPP Release
2017 2018 2019 2020

Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1

Rel-15 NSA Rel-15 NSA

(option-3) (option-3) “Main drop”
freeze ASN.1 Rel-15 Rel-15
Option 4, 7

“Early drop” freeze (incl 5G ASN.1 (incl 5G “Late drop”

SA) SA) Rel-15 late drop Rel-15 late drop
freeze ASN.1

Rel-16 Study phase Rel-16 Study and Normative phase

Rel-16
freeze

Rel-16
ASN.1
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 TS 38.401 NG-RAN; Architecture description

3GPP Release TS 38.410

TS 38.411
NG-RAN; NG general aspects and principles
NG-RAN; NG layer 1
https://www.3gpp.org/DynaReport/38-series.htm TS 38.412 NG-RAN; NG signalling transport
TS 38.413 NG-RAN; NG Application Protocol (NGAP)
TS 38.104 NR; Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception
TS 38.414 NG-RAN; NG data transport
TS 38.201 NR; Physical layer; General description TS 38.415 NG-RAN; PDU Session User Plane protocol
TS 38.202 NR; Services provided by the physical layer TS 38.420 NG-RAN; Xn general aspects and principles
TS 38.211 NR; Physical channels and modulation TS 38.421 NG-RAN; Xn layer 1
TS 38.422 NG-RAN; Xn signalling transport
TS 38.212 NR; Multiplexing and channel coding
TS 38.423 NG-RAN; Xn Application Protocol (XnAP)
TS 38.213 NR; Physical layer procedures for control
TS 38.424 NG-RAN; Xn data transport
TS 38.214 NR; Physical layer procedures for data
TS 38.425 NG-RAN; NR user plane protocol
TS 38.215 NR; Physical layer measurements
TS 38.455 NG-RAN; NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa)
TS 38.321 NR; Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification
TS 38.460 NG-RAN; E1 general aspects and principles
TS 38.322 NR; Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol specification
TS 38.461 NG-RAN; E1 layer 1
TS 38.323 NR; Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) specification TS 38.462 NG-RAN; E1 signalling transport
TS 38.331 NR; Radio Resource Control (RRC); Protocol specification TS 38.463 NG-RAN; E1 Application Protocol (E1AP)
TS 38.340 NR; Adaptation layer (SDAP) TS 38.470 NG-RAN; F1 general aspects and principles
TS 38.471 NG-RAN; F1 layer 1
TS 38.141-1 NR; Base Station (BS) conformance testing Part 1: Conducted conformance testing
TS 38.472 NG-RAN; F1 signalling transport
TS 38.141-2 NR; Base Station (BS) conformance testing Part 2: Radiated conformance testing
TS 38.473 NG-RAN; F1 Application Protocol (F1AP)
TR 38.810 NR; Study on test methods
TS 38.474 NG-RAN; F1 data transport
TS 38.133 NR; Requirements for support of radio resource management TS 38.475 NG-RAN; F1 interface user plane protocol
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Radio Frequency

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Radio Frequency
 Channel arrangement
SSB

Channel raster

Sync raster

A global frequency raster is defined between 0 -100GHz as NR-ARFCN

The granularity of the global frequency raster is ΔFGlobal :
For FR1 below 3GHz: 5kHz
For FR1 above 3GHz: 15kHz
For FR2: 60kHz
Band specific raster granularity ΔFRaster, which may be equal to or larger than ΔFGlobal :
FR1: LTE reframing bands except band 41, 100kHz aligned with LTE
FR1: New frequency ranges above 3GHz and band 41: SC based 15kHz, 30kHz
FR2: SC based 60kHz, 120kHz
15 Similar global raster and band specific raster concept is also used to define Sync Raster
Radio Frequency
Maximum bandwidth supported is band + subcarrier spacing specific
Overall >90% (LTE) SU achieved, maximum achieved SU are 98.3% for
FR1 and 95% for FR2

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Duplexing
Both TDD and FDD are supported, band specific

Uplink (UL) operating Downlink (DL) operating

NR operating Band Duplex Mode
band band
n1 1920MHz – 1980MHz 2110MHz-2170MHz FDD LTE Refarming Bands
: : : :
n77 3300MHz-4200MHz 3300MHz-4200MHz TDD NR FR1 new bands
: : : :
n257 26.5GHz – 29.5GHz 26.5GHz – 29.5GHz TDD
: : : : NR FR2 new bands
n512 : : :
Duplexing
fDL

FDD
fUL

f f f f f
TDD

5G NR duplexing: support both FDD and TDD, band specific

Duplexing
Example: Static TDD configuration in 5G

Guard period
5G NR Key Technologies
 Wide band Operation
 New Frame Structure
 Advanced Channel Coding
 mmWave Communication
 Massive MIMO
 Beam forming
 Cloud RAN
 Network Slicing
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5G NR Key Technologies
 Channel Coding
 LDPC for data channel:
 Higher throughput (improved decoding latency due to
parallelization) and reliability compare to Turbo code in LTE
 Polar code for control channel

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5G NR Key Technologies
 Network Slicing

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 5G NR
Physical Layer Overview and Cell Search
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 Frame Structure
 Single frame structure One frame, Tframe = 10 ms

for both TDD and FDD

 1024 frame, one frame = One subframe, Tsubframe = 1 ms
10 ms #0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9

 One frame contains one

or more slots (depends
on subcarrier spacing) Δf=15 kHz
One slot, 1 ms
 Slot length depends on
Δf=30 kHz
subcarrier spacing One slot, 0.5 ms
 One slot contains 14 Δf=60 kHz
OFDM symbols (normal One slot, 0.25 ms

CP) Δf=120 kHz

One slot, 0.125 ms

Δf=240 kHz
One slot, 0.0625 ms

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 Resource Definition
 Resource element:
same as LTE
 Resource block: 12
subcarrier

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Resource Block Grid
Spectrum allocation available for the carrier

PRB grid for Δf

0 1 2 3 4 … M-1

PRB grid for 2Δf

0 1 2 … N-1

Carrier edge

Bandwidth part #1 at Δf starts as CRB m

Bandwidth part #2 at 2Δf starts as CRB n

CRB grid for Δf

0 1 2 3 4 5 … m-2 m-1 m m+1 m+2 …

CRB grid for 2Δf

0 1 2 3 … n-2 n-1 n n+1 n+2 …

Reference point A

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Waveform and Channel Coding
 Waveform
 DL: OFDM
 UL: OFDM and SC-FDMA (OFDM base line)
 Channel coding
 Data channel: LDPC
 Control channel: Polar code

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Physical Channels - Signals PBCH
Broadcast Channel

PUSCH PDSCH
Broadcast Channel DL shared Channel

PUCCH PDCCH
DL shared Channel DL Control Channel

PRACH
DL Control Channel
DM-RS
Demodulation Ref. Signal

DM-RS PT-RS
Demodulation Ref. Signal Phase Tracking Ref. Signal

PT-RS CSI-RS
Phase Tracking Ref. Signal Channel State Inf. Ref. Signal

SRS PSS
Sounding Ref. Signal Primary Synchronization Signal
SSS
Secondary Synchronization Signal

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Physical Channels
DL UL
LTE NR LTE NR
PBCH PBCH PUSCH PUSCH
PDSCH PDSCH PUCCH PUCCH
PDCCH PDCCH PRACH PRACH
PHICH None
*ACK/NACK signaled via NDI in DCI

PCFICH None
*Control region signaled via RRC

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Physical Signals
DL UL
LTE NR LTE NR
PSS PSS DM-RS DM-RS
SSS SSS SRS SRS
C-RS None PT-RS PT-RS
None DM-RS
CSI-RS CSI-RS
None PR-SR

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Frequency Domain Resource Allocation
Resource allocation type 0 – bitmap, each bit corresponds to a group of RBs
Resource allocation type 1 – start and length of RB allocation
The type to use is RRC configured (always 0, always 1, dynamic selection of 0/1)
Uplink transmissions limited to contiguous allocations in Rel-15

1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
Type 0

Bitmap
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Type 1
Start Length
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

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Time Domain Resource Allocation
Using pre-defined table
Index into RRC-configured table
slot

4 OFDM
symbols

Index Slot Start Length PDSCH

offset symbol mapping type
0 0 2 12 A
1 0 2 10 A RRC configured
2 1 3 4 B
… … … … …

32 Jointly encoded
PDCCH
Downlink Control information (DCI),
transmitted on PDCCH
CORESET #4
Similar usage as in LTE (scheduling, …)
CORESET #3
CORESET (Control Resource Set)
CORESET #2
Time-frequency region where the UE monitors for
CORESET #1
PDCCH transmission
Frequency span in multiples of 6 RB
one slot
Time span of 1, 2, or 3 OFDM symbols
Search spaces
Set of CCEs upon which the UE tries to blindly
detect PDCCH transmissions

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PDCCH
Each CORESET has an associated CCE-to-REG mapping
Interleaved mapping
Non-interleaved mapping
PDCCH

CCE

REG

CORESET OFDM symbol

REGs 17 34 35 17 34 35 34 35
16 32 33 16 32 33 32 33
15 30 31 15 30 31 30 31
14 28 29 14 28 29 28 29
13 26 27 13 26 27 26 27
12 24 25 12 24 25 24 25
11 22 23 11 22 23 22 23
10 20 21 10 20 21 20 21
9 18 19 9 18 19 18 19
8 16 17 8 16 17 16 17
7 14 15 7 14 15 14 15
6 12 13 6 12 13 12 13
5 10 11 5 10 11 10 11
4 8 9 4 8 9 8 9
3 6 7 3 6 7 6 7
2 4 5 2 4 5 4 5 REG bundle
1 2 33 1 2 3 2 3
0 0 1 0 0 1 REG bundle 0 1

1 symbol CORESET 2 symbol CORESET 1 symbol CORESET 2 symbol CORESET 2 symbol CORESET
bundling size 2 bundling size 2 bundling size 6

non-interleaved mapping interleaved mapping

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 PDCCH
Blind decoding of PDCCH using search spaces and DCI formats
Similar concept as in LTE
Aggregation level 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16
Flexible configuration of when, what formats, and what aggregation
levels to monitor
CORESETs with search spaces for aggregation level 2 monitored
one slot

No monitoring in this occasion of the search space Aggregation level 4 monitored No monitoring in this occasion of the search space

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DCI formats
Format 0-0 – uplink scheduling (fallback format)
Format 0-1 – uplink scheduling (supporting multiple MIMO layers)

Format 1-0 – downlink scheduling (fallback format)

Format 1-1 – downlink scheduling (supporting multiple MIMO layers)

Format 2-0 – slot-format indicator

Format 2-1 – preemption indictor

Format 2-2 – PUSCH/PUCCH power control

Format 2-3 – SRS power control
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PUCCH
UCI
Hybrid-ARQ acknowledgements, channel-state information, scheduling request
PUCCH not necessarily at carrier edges (as in LTE)
DCI can indicate the resource to use for UCI

Payload Short (1-2 OFDM symbol) Long (4 – 14 OFDM

symbols)
≤2 bits PUCCH format 0 PUCCH format 1
>2 bits PUCCH format 2 PUCCH formats 3 and 4

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Hybrid HARQ
Similar to LTE but with some differences
Possibility for per-CBG retransmission
Asynchronous in DL and UL (up to 16 processes)

Transport block

CBG

0 1 0 0 CBGTI

Only this CBG is retransmitted

38 To soft combining Flushing of soft buffer controlled by CBGFI

 5G NR
Cell Search
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Cell Search - SA
Obtain PSS, SSS (SS Block)
1 -> Timing
-> PCI

Obtain MIB (PBCH – SS Block)

2 -> SIB1 position

Obtain SIB1
-> TDD configuration
3 -> PRACH configuration
-> Other Physical channels One OFDM symbol
configuration

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SSB position
 SSB position in frequency domain
 Defined by synchronization raster
 Subcarrier spacing SS block frequency position
Frequency range
SSREF
 Band specific N * 1200kHz + M * 50 kHz,
0 – 3000 MHz
N=1:2499, M ϵ {1,3,5} (Note)
SSB 3000 MHz + N * 1.44 MHz
3000 – 24250 MHz
N= 0:14756

Channel raster

Sync raster

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SSB position
 SSB position in time domain Frequency range SS blocks per SS burst set
– 3 GHz L=4
 Band specific 3 – 6 GHz L=8
mm-wave L = 64

For band n78, first

OFDM symbol of
the SSB
candidate is given
by:
2,8 + 14 ∗ 𝑛
𝑛 = 0,1,2,3

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SSB subcarrier spacing
 Subcarrier spacing of the SSB
 Depends on frequency range and band-defined synchronization
raster
Numerology Frequency range
15 kHz FR1 < 3GHz
30 kHz FR1 (3-6Ghz)
120 kHz FR2
240 kHz FR2

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Cell Search - SA
-- TAG-MIB-START
 MIB
MIB ::= SEQUENCE {
systemFrameNumber BIT STRING (SIZE
(6)),
subCarrierSpacingCommon ENUMERATED
{scs15or60, scs30or120},
ssb-SubcarrierOffset INTEGER (0..15),
dmrs-TypeA-Position ENUMERATED {pos2,
pos3},
pdcch-ConfigSIB1 PDCCH-ConfigSIB1,
cellBarred ENUMERATED {barred,
notBarred},
intraFreqReselection ENUMERATED {allowed,
notAllowed},
spare BIT STRING (SIZE (1))
}

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Cell Search - SA SIB2-9

 SIB1 (partly) downlinkConfigCommon

SIB1 ::= SEQUENCE {

uplinkConfigCommon
cellSelectionInfo SEQUENCE {
q-RxLevMin Q-RxLevMin,
q-RxLevMinOffset INTEGER (1..8) supplementaryUplink
OPTIONAL, -- Need R
q-RxLevMinSUL Q-RxLevMin n-TimingAdvanceOffset
OPTIONAL, -- Need R
q-QualMin Q-QualMin
ssb-PositionsInBurst
OPTIONAL, -- Need R
q-QualMinOffset INTEGER (1..8)
OPTIONAL -- Need R ssb-PeriodicityServingCell
}
OPTIONAL, -- Need S tdd-UL-DL-ConfigurationCommon
cellAccessRelatedInfo CellAccessRelatedInfo,
connEstFailureControl ConnEstFailureControl
ss-PBCH-BlockPower
OPTIONAL, -- Need R
si-SchedulingInfo SI-SchedulingInfo
OPTIONAL, -- Need R
servingCellConfigCommon ServingCellConfigCommonSIB
OPTIONAL, -- Need R
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Random Access

Four-step random access procedure Device Network

1 Preamble transmission Preamble (PRACH)
2 Random-access response
RA Response (RAR)
3, 4 Contention resolution
“Message 3”
Collision
resolution “Message 4”

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 Cell Search - NSA
UE gNB eNB
RRC Connection Setup

RRC Connection Reconfiguration

Measure 5G cells to find the best cell>>>: Measurement report

X2AP: SgNB Additional request

X2AP: SgNB Additional request Ack

RRC Connection Reconfiguration gNB ServingCellConfigCommon

ServingCellConfigCommon
- UL/DL configuration
- PRACH configuration
…

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