Materials and Procedure for

occlusion evaluation
By-Institute of Dental Studies and Technologies
Kadrabad, Modinagar
Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh
 Content
• DEFINATION.
• TYPES OF OCCLUSION.
• METHODS OF EVALUATING OCCLUSAL RELATIONSHIP.
• ABOUT DIFFERENT MATERIALS.
• DISCUSSION
• REFERNCES
Occlusion
Defined as the static relationship between the incising or masticating surfaces
of the maxillary or mandibular teeth or tooth analogues. (G.P.T-9)

Centric relation
A maxillomandibular relationship, independent of tooth contact, in which the
condyles articulate in the anterior-superior position against the posterior
slopes of the articular eminences; in this position, the mandible is restricted to
a purely rotary movement; from this unstrained, physiologic,
maxillomandibular relationship, the patient can make vertical, lateral or
protrusive movements; it is a clinically useful, repeatable reference position.
(G.P.T-9)
 Eccentric Intraocclusal Record
Lateral excursive records: the lateral excursive registration records the lateral
excursive maxillomandibular relationship and is performed without occlusal
contact. These records are used to set the condylar elements of an arcon and
nonarcon semi adjustable articulator.
Protrusive interocclusal records also evaluated.
Centric Occlusion
Teeth to teeth relation maximum intercuspation.
Occlusal stop Centric occlusion

No occlusal stop Centric relation

When the teeth do not offer vertical and horizontal stability between the
arches; an interocclusal record is needed to relate the casts.
Panigrahi Debashish et al. Occlusion and occlusal indicating material. Int J App Dent Sci 2015;(4):23-26
 OCLUSSION

o DYNAMIC OCLUSSION/
o STATIC OCLUSSION FUNCTIONAL OCCLUSION

TOOTH PATTERN CAN BE CLASSIFY INTO THE FOLLOWING:-

 CUSPID PROTECTED OCLUSSION

 GROUP FUNCTION OCLUSSION

 FULL BALANCED OCLUSSION

 OTHERS
Hellman described four ways in which teeth contact
1. surface
2. cusp tip and fossa
3. ridge and groove
4. ridge and embrasure.
• 138 types and 90% of the total units actually make exact contact in
dentitions with normal occlusion.
 Methods of evaluating occlusal relationship

Qualitative Methods Quantitative Methods

• Alginate Impression Material. • T Scan.
• Wax. • Pressure Sensitive Films.
• Articulating paper. • Occlusion Sonography.
• Articulating silk & film. • Virtual dental patient.
• Mylar Paper / Shimstock films.
• High spot indicator.
• Polyether occlusal indicator.
• Transparent Acetate Sheet.
 • Number and location of perforations • Thickness of the sheet is 3 micro m
were registered as occlusal tooth we need to use 3 sheets at atime to
contacts for each subject. prevent distortion.
Alginate Impression

• Observed perforations were analyzed • Occlusal contacts can be recorded by

according to the frequency of occlusal placing the wax on the occlusal
contacts. surfaces of the maxillary posterior
• Most subjects had asymmetric teeth and patient closing into
distribution in number and location of maximum intercuspation.
occlusal contacts. • The wax occlusal records was
examined in front of a light screen.
Material

• Disadvantages-results are not

definitive. • Disadvantages-inaccuracy and
problems of manipulation

Wax
Sharma Ashu et al. History of materials used for recording static and dynamic occlusal contactmarks: a literature review. J Clin
Exp Dent 2013;5(1):48-53
 Articulating Silk & Film
• Used to detect high spots, the width, • Natural silk consists of so-called
thickness and dye type of the fibrils, a tube-shaped protein
articulating paper helps it to leave a structure which, because of its
mark. composition, has an extremely high
Articulating Paper

• High spots can be detected easily as color reservoir capacity (size of 80

dark marks and contacts as light microns).
marks. • 28 – 8 μm
• Thickness of blue is of 200 micro m • Marking of silk is extremely precise.
and of red one is 8 micro m. • Disadvantages-Silk strips can lose
• Disadvantages-can be affected by their marking abilities when their
saliva, are thick and have a relatively stain components are dried, and they
inflexible base material. also can be ruined by saliva.
 films
Mylar Paper / Shimstock

High spot indicator

• Metallic shimstock-films is
made of metallic polyester-film
of 12 microns thick.
• Shim stock 8 mm in width and
was positioned over the tooth
evaluated.
• It is a liquid contact color which is
applied to the test surface with a
brush .
• Solvent evaporates in seconds,
• Leaving a thin film (3 microns thick)
every contact destroys skin color
exactly at the point of contact.
• Advantages- can be used for highly
polished occlusal surfaces such as
gold or ceramic.
• Disadvantages
 • A silicone impression material • Based on occlusal sketch technique
method for examining occlusal that aimed to provide a simple and

Transparent Acetate
contact patterns reliable means of recording and
Polyether Occlusal

• Locations of the contacts were then transferring information about the

transferred to study models. location of marked occlusal contacts.
• Advantages- easy to manipulate and • Advantages-occlusal sketch is a
making recording easily. simple, inexpensive and easy way of
• Disadvantages- Costly. recording the results of an occlusal
Indicator

examination using marking papers

• Disadvantages- reliability is not

Sheet
certain.

Davies Stephen et al. Reliability of recording static and dynamic occlusal contact marks using transparent acetate sheet; J Prosth
Dent 94 (5):458-61
 • Instrument was designed to examine
• Device records the location and force

Pressure Sensitive Films

and record occlusal contacts by
of occlusal contacts with the force
computer analysis of information
sensitive film.
from a pressure sensitive film.
• An occlusal diagnostic system dental
• Tooth contact information is
prescale system.
presented by demonstrating
moments of time in the sagittal axis • system uses improved pressure
T Scan

and transverse axis of the occlusal sensitive sheets and a computer for
plane. analysis to make simple
measurements of occlusal contact
• Not only give the tooth points in
areas and occlusal pressures
result also give the amount of force at
a point. • Disadvantages- expensive
• T scan 7 is the latest model.
• Disadvantages- expensive

Garg Arun K. Analyzing dental occlusion for implants. Dent Impl Upda sept 2007;65-72
 • First studies to detect tooth contact • Latest among all.

Virtual dental patient

by the sounds generated during • A 3D extra oral facial scan, and cone
Occlusion Sonography

mouth closure began to appear in the beam computed tomography (CBCT)

literature in the 1960s also called volumetric data to create a 3D virtual
“Dental Sound Checker” patient with craniofacial hard tissue,
• Based on the principles put forth by remaining dentition.
Watt, was developed to evaluate • A noninvasive simulation of all
occlusal contact sound patterns movements.
during closure in an attempt to detect • Disadvantages- Costly and not
occlusal disturbances. commonly in use because of the
• Disadvantages- Technique sensitive. continuous improvement.
MATERIALS COMPLETE REMOVABLE FIXED ECONOMY ACCURACY DIMENSIONAL
DENTURES PARTIAL PARTIAL STABILITY
DENTURE DENTURE
1. ARTICULATING
PAPER

2. ARTICULATING
FILM AND SILK

3. ALGINATE
IMPRESSION
MATERIAL
4. WAX

5. MYLAR STRIPS

6. HIGH SPOT
INDICATOR

7. POLYETHER
OCCLUSAL
INDICATOR
MATERIALS COMPLETE REMOVABLE FIXED ECONOMIC ACCURACY DIMENSIONAL
DENTURES PARTIAL PARTIAL STABILITY
DENTURE DENTURE
8. TRANSPARENT
ACETATE SHEET.

9. T SCAN.

10. PRESSURE
SENSITIVE FILM.

11. OCCLUSAL
SONOGRAPHY.

12. VIRTUAL
DENTAL PATIENT.
 DISCUSSION
• To properly evaluate a patient's occlusion and to build up an artificial dynamic occlusal
scheme as in case of articulating paper, it is likely that the indicator thickness is the
major contributor to the observed difference compared to natural dentition given that
it was over twice as thick (202 micro m) as the remaining indicators. However, T-Scan
sensor have very similar response to articulating paper despite being far thinner (96
micro m) and closer to articulating silk (60 micro m) in thickness, suggesting that it may
have been other material properties that caused the observed response.
• T-Scan sensor and articulating paper, significantly affect SEMG activity during occlusion
where as articulating silk, do not affect SEMG activity due to less thickness and no
plastic nature. SEMG activity of the muscle affected are Anterior temporalis and
superficial masseter.

Forrester S.E et al. occlusal measurement method can affect SEMG activity.J Oral Rehabil 2011 38;655-660
 REFERENCES
• Functional Occlusion, From TMJ to Smile Design by Peter E. Dawson.Ist Edition.
• Forrester S.E et al. occlusal measurement method can affect SEMG activity.J Oral Rehabil 2011
38;655-60.
• Garg Arun K. Analyzing dental occlusion for implants. Dent Impl Upda sept 2007;65-72
• Davies Stephen et al. Reliability of recording static and dynamic occlusal contact marks using
transparent acetate sheet; J Prosth Dent 94 (5):458-61.
• Sharma Ashu et al. History of materials used for recording static and dynamic occlusal
contactmarks: a literature review. J Clin Exp Dent 2013;5(1):48-53