ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

IN ADMINISTRATION
AND HUMAN RELATION
(EDA 6002)

Lecturer: Dr. Mohd. Johdi Salleh

1
 ROOTS/SOURCES OF ISLAMIC ADMINISTRATION

Content
 Introduction
 Definition of islamic administration
 Roots/sources of islamic administration
• Sources from the Quran
• Sources from the Sunnah
 Conclusion
 References

2
Introduction
The islamic roots of administration generally exist in
the primary and secondary sources of the syariah in
addition to the practices of the early muslim.
Here we will attempt to answer questions pertaining
to the islamic standars of administration, where one
can find such standards, and what are the
peculiarities of administration that can be traced to
islam.

3
Definition of islamic administration

 The orientation and general philosophy of islamic

administration centres around the concepts of probity,
piety, justice, equality, and social equity.
 Administration, from an islamic perspective is a most
onerous task and challenging function that places
enormous responsibility on its chief executive.

4
Cont…
There are three features of early islamic administration are
noteworthy (important):

First, and most importantly, the islamic easily assimilated

foreign institution with its own nations of government
administration.

A Second feature of islamic administration was the relegious

and moral spirit which dominated the entire field of
government and administration under the prophet and the
four pious Caliphs.

5
Cont…

The third feature, which in some ways is related to the

first, is that islamic legal ijtihad did not deny any human
experience, whether previous or yet to come, that
would benefit the goals of shari’ah and the interests of
the people provided that it did not contradict the
principles of syariah.

6
Sources/roots of islamic administration
Sources from the Quran

Though the Qur’an does not mention the word

“administration” specifically, it uses the arabic word
yudabbiru, which means to direct, conduct, manage,
run, engineer, steer, marshal, regulate, be in change,
manage well, economize, devise a plan, conduct the
course of business

7
Cont…
Some of the most important principles of islamic
administrative systems are found in the Qur’an and
sunnah (The word ”yudabbiru“ appears in the Holy
Qur’an in four verses)
 Surah Yunus (X) : 3
Lo! your Lord is Allah Who created the heavens and the
earth in six Days, then He established Himself upon the
Throne, directing all things. There is no intercessor
(with Him) save after His permission. That is Allah, your
Lord, so worship Him. Oh, will ye not remind?

8
Cont…
 Surah Yunus (X) : 31
Say (unto them, O Muhammad): Who provided for
you from the sky and the earth, or Who owns hearing
and sight; and Who brings out the living from the
dead and brings out the dead from the living; and
Who directed the course? They will say: Allah. Then
say: Will ye not then keep your duty (unto Him)?

9
Cont…
 Surah Al-Rad (13) : 2
Allah it is Who raised up the heavens without visible
supports, then mounted the Throne, and compelled
the sun and the moon to be of service, each run unto
an appointed term; He orders / manages the course;
He details the revelations, that haply ye may be
certain of the meeting with your Lord.

10
Cont…
Some of the most important principles of islamic
political and administrative are found in the Quran and
Sunnah.
Here the list of these general principles of islamic
administration:
 The administration of justice:
(surah Annisa’ 4:58,135) (surah Almaidah 5:8,42)
(surah Al-An’am 6:153) (surah Al-A’raf 7:29) (surah
An-nahl 16:90) (surah Al-noor 24:2) (surah Al hadid
57:25)

11
Cont…
 Principle of State, Government Administration
:General
(Surah 4:58,59) (Surah 5:2) (Surah 7:69,74,128,129)
(Surah 21:105) (Surah 22:40,41) (Surah 24:55) (Surah
35:39) (Surah 38:26) (Surah 42:38) (Surah : 49:13)
(Surah 57:25)
 The principle of Consultation (syura)
(Surah 3:159) (Surah 42:38)

12
Administration according to the syariah

Administration according to the syariah, must operate

through consultation and be based on what may be
called a ‘democratic’ basis. As stated previously, the
quran describes the Muslims as those who carry their
governmental and administative affairs by counsel
among themselves.

13
The objectives of Educational Administration
in islam

 To direct and evaluate educational programmes and

work for their improvement and development in the
light of temporal and spatial considerations.
 To creat a suitable environment for successful
education, in which the teaching and administrative
staff feel strongly that they belong to the institution,
and are motivated to work to achieve its goals and
strive for high moral standard.

14
Cont..
 To involve the teaching and administrative staff,
students, parents, and the local community in the
decision making process on matters that affect them.
 To build bridges between the school, the students,
families and the local community.
 To select teachers wisely based on their academic
qualifications, knowledge, moral conduct, akhlaq,
experience and sincerity.

15
 The characteristics of administration in
islam
1. Administration in islam originates its basic principles
from the two primary sources of islam, the Holy
Qur’an and Sunnah.
2. Administration in islam is characterized by its
complete and comprehensive views towards
individuals and the educational institution.
3. Administration in islam is characterized by its
flexibility and ability to adapt according to local
circumstances (condition) so long as principles are
alluded to

16
The main principles of islamic way
of administration
1. The mainly feature of the Islamic administration is
that its subjects should have implicit faith in Allah,
and it should be clearly understood that
Government has no absolute power over them, nor
are they its slaves.
2. The main objective of the Islamic administration is
to establish and promote the virtues approved by
Allah as well as prevent and suppress the vices
(evil) disliked by Him.

17
Cont..
3. The rule of the law is indispensable (needed)
to an Islamic social order. The Prophet
Muhammad was sent with the Book, the
Constitution of a Muslim community, the
Balance, and the Divine standard in conformity
(suitability) with which Authority puts the Book
into practice so that the people subsist (live) by
absolute justice.

18
An islamic administrative model
First, the Islamist has to understand the theory and
practice of the process of Islamization because of its
extreme value in the realm (field) of administration.

Second, the Islamist has to derive (gain) the Islamic

principles of government and administration by going
back, in spirit, to the history and life of the Prophet
and the Four Pious Caliph but not necessarily copy
the structural systems of their government and
administration.

19
Cont..

Third, and related to the earlier point, the

Islamist is called upon to provide a positive
and detailed method for implementing the
principles of administration.

20
The concepts and ethical values to guide the
conduct of a Muslim ruler and Administrator
according to the Muslim Schoolar Fauzul
Karim (1963:580-1)
 He shall views this world as a temporary resting
place for preparation for the everlasting and eternal
next world. He shall continuously endeavour to
ecquire, in his lifetime, as much be based upon
justice, social equity and efficiency.
 He shall place himself as a mere servant of the
people and a trustee for his subjects, those below
him in command as well as the public in general.

21
The rules of administrator based on
Islamic style of administration
 He shall love for his subjects (society) what he loves for
himself and his immediate family and relatives.
 He shall keep his door always open for hearing
grievances/ complaint and for redressing of wrong.
 He shall use, as a keynote of his administrative policies,
justice coupled with mercy.
 He shall observe the relegious duties and rites/ worship
of others.
 He shall wisely choose pious, truthful, and sincere men
as his ministers and aids and advisors

22
Cont…
Abul A’la Maududi (1969), a contemporary Muslim
schoolar from Pakistan, explains in detail that syariah is
not only the fundamentals of constitutional law but also
the basic principles and major elements of islamic
administrative law. In addition, there are precedents
(good example) in administrative practices established
by prophet and his companions. The syariah, for
example, lays down the general rules of conduct, in
broad term, for the police, the judiciary, and the
administrative bodies.

23
Sources from the Sunnah

The most important characteristic of the administration

of the prophet was the simplicity and ease with which
administrative affairs were conducted.
There were no offices or officials who served as career
government or paid employees. The state of the society
then did not require them. Instead, the mosque was the
centre of all relegious, social, and political activities.

24
The responsibilities of the administrator
Al-hadits, 1963:581-2
Behold, each one of you is guardian, and each one of
you will be asked about his subjects. A leader is a
guardian over the people and he will be asked about
his subjects; a man is a guardian over the members of
his household and he will be asked about his subjects;
a women is a guardian over the members of the
household of her husband and of his children, and she
will be asked about them.

25
Conclusion
Finally, the Islamist is expected to develop a new,
Islamic model which may draw from the Islamic
sources of administrative roots. However, these roots
must be synthesized with modern thought in a
systematic way, using modern techniques and tools
and modern technology, and seeking the help and
advice, when needed, of modern
theorists,practitioners, and experts.

26
References
Al-Buraey, M. A (1990) management and
administration in islam. Dhaharan:king fahd
university of petroleum and minerals.
Ali Mohammad Jubran. (2003) educational
administration an islamic perspective. Kuala
lumpur: A.S Noordeen.
Al-Quran Al kareem translation

27
28