CChapteerr 44

Personality and Emotions

– Author Stephen Robbins

Prof. Shrinivas V K

Prof. SVK
 What
What is
is Personality?
Personality?

Personality
The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and
interacts withothers.

Personality Traits
Personality
Enduring characteristics
that describe an Determinants
individual’s behavior. • Heredity
• Environment
• Situation

Prof. SVK
 The
The Myers-Briggs
Myers-Briggs Type
Type Indicator
Indicator

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

A personality test that taps four characteristics and
classifies people into 1 of 16 personality types.

Personality Types
• Extroverted vs. Introverted (E or I)
• Sensing vs. Intuitive (S or N)
• Thinking vs. Feeling (T or F)
• Judging vs. Perceiving (P or J)

Prof. SVK
 The
The Big
Big Five
Five Model
Model of
of Personality
Personality Dimensions
Dimensions
Extroversion
Sociable, gregarious, and assertive

Agreeableness
Good-natured, cooperative, and trusting.

Conscientiousness
Responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized.

Emotional Stability/Neuroticism
Calm, self-confident, secure (positive) versus nervous, depressed,
and insecure (negative).

Openness to Experience
Imaginativeness, artistic, sensitivity, and intellectualism.

Prof. SVK
Prof. SVK
 Major
Major Personality
Personality Attributes
Attributes Influencing
Influencing OB
OB
 Locus of control
 Machiavellianism
 Self-esteem
 Self-monitoring
 Risk taking
 Type A personality

Prof. SVK
 Locus
Locus of
of Control
Control
Locus of Control
The degree to which people believe they are
masters of their own fate.

Internals
Individuals who believe that they control whathappens to
them.

Externals
Individuals who believe that whathappens to them is
controlled by outside forces such as luck or chance.

Prof. SVK
 Machiavellianism
Machiavellianis
m
Machiavellianism (Mach)
Degree to which an individual is pragmatic,
maintains emotional distance, and believes that
ends can justifymeans.

Conditions Favoring High Machs

• Direct interaction
• Minimal rules and regulations
• Emotions distract for others

Prof. SVK
 Self-Esteem
Self-Esteem and
and Self-Monitoring
Self-Monitoring

Self-Esteem (SE)
Individuals’ degree of liking or dislikingthemselves.

Self-Monitoring
A personality trait that measures an individuals
ability to adjust his or her behavior to external,
situational factors.

Prof. SVK
 Risk-Taking
Risk-Taking
 High Risk-taking Managers
– Make quickerdecisions
– Use less information to makedecisions
– Operate in smaller and more entrepreneurial
organizations
 Low Risk-taking Managers
– Are slower to makedecisions
– Require more information before making decisions
– Exist in larger organizations withstable environments
 Risk Propensity
– Aligning managers’ risk-taking propensity to job
requirements should be beneficial to organizations.

Prof. SVK
 Type
Type A
A Personality
Personality
 The theory describes Type A individuals as
ambitious, rigidly organized, highly status-
conscious, sensitive, impatient, take on more
than they can handle, want other people to get to
the point, anxious, proactive, and concerned with
time management.
 People with Type A personalities are often high-
achieving "workaholics", push themselves with
deadlines, and hate both delays and ambivalence.

Prof. SVK
 Type
Type B
B personality
personality
 They typically work steadily, and may enjoy
achievement, although they have a greater
tendency to disregard physical or mental stress
when they do not achieve.
 When faced with competition, they may focus
less on winning or losing than their Type A
counterparts, and more on enjoying the game
regardless of winning or losing.
 Unlike the Type A personality's rhythm of multi-
tasked careers, Type B individuals are sometimes
attracted to careers of creativity: writer,
counsellor, therapist, actor or actress.

Prof. SVK
Psychoanalytic
PsychoanalyticTheory
Theory

 Structure of Personality( Id, Ego and

Super Ego)

Prof. SVK
(1856-1939)

SIGMUND
SIGMUND FREUD
FREUD

Prof. SVK
Conscious, Preconscious and Unconscious

LAYERS
LAYERS OF
OF MIND
MIND

Prof. SVK
Prof. SVK
 Conscious
Conscious Mind
Includes
everything we
‘re aware of
Awareness of
our own mental
process(Though
ts and Feelings)
Rational

Prof. SVK
 Preconscious
Preconscious Mind
 Represent
Ordinary
Memory
Fact Stored
are available
for future use
E.g. (Phone
No, Address)
etc.
Prof. SVK
 Unconscious
Unconscious Mind
 Contains feelings,
thoughts and
memories beyond
our Awareness
 Continuous
Influence on our
Behavior and
Action
 (Dreams and
wishes)

Prof. SVK
 Example
Example

Prof. SVK
Id, Ego And Super Ego

STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE OF
OF
PERSONALITY
PERSONALITY
Prof. SVK
 ID
I
 Present from Birth
DAnimalistic and
Childish Desires and
no values
 Operates on Pleasure
Principle, to gain
Pleasure and avoid
pain
 Immediate
Satisfaction
 I Want it and want it
right now
 Exists in Unconscious
Prof. Sm
VK ind
 Super
Super Ego
 Develops from 5 to 6
age
 Opposite of the Id
 Operates on Moral
principle
 Differentiate b/w Good
and Bad
 If we follow it , We feel
proud and if not
,then , We feel guilty
 Exists in
Preconscious Mind

Prof. SVK
 Ego
Ego
 Develops After Birth
 In the middle of Id
And Super Ego
 Organized and
Rational
 Reality Principle
 Responsible for
Dealing with Reality
 Exists in Conscious
Mind

Prof. SVK
 Example
Example

Prof. SVK
Erikson’s
Erikson’s personality
personality

Erikson suggested that there are

8 developmental stages as we
grow from childhood to
adulthood and at each of these
stages we face the trauma of
resolving certain critical
conflicts

Prof. SVK
 Stage 1: Infancy ; Trust Vs Mistrust
 Stage 2: Early childhood; Autonomy Vs shame and
doubt
 Stage 3: Play age; Initiative Vs Guilt
 Stage 4: School Age; Industry Vs Inferiority
 Stage 5: Adolescence; Identity Vs Role Diffusion
 Stage6: Early adulthood; Intimacy Vs Isolation
 Stage 7: Adulthood; Generativity Vs Stagnation
 Stage 8:Mature Adulthood; Ego Integrity Vs Despair

Prof. SVK
Prof. SVK