CONTENTS

 Stop pollution  Harmful effects of noise

 What is pollution
pollution
 Harmful effects of radioactive
 Types of pollution
pollution
 Air pollution
 How to stop air pollution
 Water pollution
 How to stop water pollution
 Soil pollution
 How to stop noise pollution
 Noise pollution
 How to stop radioactive
 Radioactive pollution
pollution
 Harmful effects of air pollution
 Acknowledgement
 Harmful effects of water
 Done by
pollution
 Submitted to
 Harmful effects of soil pollution
Pollution is defined as a naturally
occurring or man made process by
which the usually favorable natural
conditions for a healthy living are
disturbed or disrupted.
TYPES OF POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
 Water pollution is
the contamination of
water bodies (e.g.
lakes, rivers, oceans,
aquifers and
groundwater). Water
pollution occurs
when pollutants are
directly or indirectly
discharged into
water bodies without
WATER POLLUTION
adequate treatment
to remove harmful
compounds.
SOIL POLLUTION
NOISE POLLUTION
 Radioactive
contamination is the
deposition of radioactive
substances on surfaces
or within solids, liquids
or gases where their
presence is undesirable
The degree of hazard is
determined by the
concentration of the
contaminants, the
energy of the radiation
being emitted, the type
RADIOACTIVE of radiation, and the
POLLUTION proximity of the
contamination to organs
of the body.
Noise
pollution
HOW AIR POLLUTION IS
HARMFUL TO US ??
Acidification:
Chemical reactions involving air
pollutants can create acidic
compounds which can cause harm
to vegetation and buildings.
When an air pollutant, such as
sulfuric acid combines with the
water droplets that make up clouds,
the water droplets become acidic,
forming acid rain.
When acid rain falls over an area,
it can kill trees and harm animals,
fish, and other wildlife.
Eutrophication
Rain can carry and deposit the
Nitrogen in some pollutants on
rivers and soils. This will
adversely affect the nutrients in
the soil and water bodies. This
can result in algae growth in lakes
and water bodies, and make
conditions for other living
organism harmful.

Ground-level ozone
Chemical reactions involving air
pollutants create a poisonous gas
ozone (O3). Gas Ozone can affect
people’s health and can damage
vegetation types and some animal
life too.
Particulate matter:
Air pollutants can be in the form
of particulate matter which can be
very harmful to our health.
Short-term effects include
irritation to the eyes, nose and
throat, and upper respiratory
infections such as bronchitis and
pneumonia. Others include
headaches, nausea, and allergic
reactions. It can aggravate asthma
and emphysema.
Long-term health effects can
include chronic respiratory disease,
lung cancer, heart disease, and even
damage to the brain, nerves, liver,
or kidneys.
HOW WATER
POLLUTION IS
HARMFUL TO US??
One of the major effects of water
pollution is the damage to the food
chain. When harmful toxins are
present in water they are transferred
to higher level organisms through the
food chain.

Heavy metals like lead, mercury, iron,

cadmium, aluminum, and magnesium
are present in water sources. If these
metals are present in the sediment,
these reach the food chain through
plants and aquatic animals.
Polluted water is a hot bed for diseases.
Microbial water pollution can spread
infectious diseases such as typhoid and
cholera. The human heart and kidneys can be
badly affected if polluted water is consumed
regularly. Other health problems related to
polluted water are poor blood circulation,
vomiting, skin lesions and damage to the
nervous system.
Water pollutants cause changes in
acidity, conductivity and
temperature. These in turn have an
effect on the marine life. Acid rain
containing sulfate particles harms
fishes, sea organisms, and plant life in
lakes and rivers.
The dirt and silt settle in the water
body prevent sunlight from reaching
aquatic plants. If the sunlight can’t
reach the plants, they perish. These
sediments also clog up fish gills and
suffocate organisms that live on the
bottom of the body of the water.

Oil contaminated water effects the

ecosystem and its components.
Many animals can get destroyed in
case they swallow oil. Oil
contaminated prey may be a reason
of death for many. If the oil coats the
feathers of birds, they may die. Oil
develops a sticky film and bad odor
on the surface of water that kills
animals.
HOW SOIL POLLUTION IS HARMFUL TO US ??
Effect on Health of Humans
Contamination of soil has major
consequences on our health. Crops and
plants grown on polluted soil absorb
much of the pollution and then pass
these on to us.

Long term exposure to such soil can

affect the genetic make-up of the body,
causing congenital illnesses and chronic
health problems that cannot be cured
easily.

It can sicken the livestock to a

considerable extent and cause food
poisoning over a long period of time.
Crops grown on contaminated soil
lacks quality nutrients and may
contain some poisonous substance
to cause serious health problems
in people consuming them

Effect on Growth of Plants: The

ecological balance of any system
gets affected due to the
widespread contamination of the
soil. Most plants are unable to
adapt when the chemistry of the
soil changes in a short period of
time.
Changes in Soil Structure: The
death of many soil organisms (e.g.
earthworms) in the soil can lead to
alteration in soil structure.
Increased soil erosion: Fungi and
bacteria found in the soil that bind it
together begin to decline, which
creates the problem of soil erosion.

Decreased Soil Fertility: The toxic

chemicals present in the soil can
decrease soil fertility

Toxic Dust: The emission of toxic

and foul gases from landfills
pollutes the environment and
causes serious effects on health of
people.

Famine: The soil pollution can

even lead to widespread famines if
the plants are unable to grow in it.
HOW NOISE POLLUTION IS HARMFUL TO US??
Noise is considered a serious threat
to the environmental health. It
interferes with speech. In the
presence of noise we may not able to
follow, what the other person is
saying.
Noise leads to emotional and
behavioral stress. A person may feel
disturbed by loud noise.
Noise may permanently damage
hearing. A sudden loud noise can
cause severe damage to the eardrum.
Noise increases the chances of
occurrence of diseases such as
headache, blood pressure, heart
failure, etc.
 Noise leads to increased heart
beat, constriction of blood vessels
and dilation of pupil.
 Noise may cause damage to
liver, brain and heart.
 Noise can have a detrimental
effect on wild animals, increasing
the risk of death by changing the
delicate balance in predator or prey
detection and avoidance

 Noise pollution may have caused

the death of certain species of
whales that beached themselves
after being exposed to the loud
sound
HOW IS RADIOACTIVE
POLLUTION HARMFUL
TO US ??
Leads skin burn and cancer. The
effects vary from organism to organism
based on level of radioactivity of nuclear
isotopes.
 Radioactive particles forms ions when
it reacts with biological molecules.
These ions then form free radicals which
slowly and steadily start destroying
proteins, membranes, and nucleic acids.
 A longer exposure to radioactive
radiations can damage the DNA cells
that results in cancer, genetic defects for
the generations to come and even
death.
HOW TO STOP AIR POLLUTION ?
 Limit driving by carpooling, using public transportation, biking and
walking.
 Keep your automobile well tuned and maintained. Follow the
manufacturer’s instructions on routine maintenance, such as
changing the oil and filters, and checking tire pressure and wheel
alignment.
 Be careful not to spill gasoline when filling up your car or gasoline
powered lawn and garden equipment.
 Run dishwashers and clothes washers only when full.
 Choose environmentally friendly cleaners
 Purchase and use low-polluting outboard marine engines and
personal watercraft (4-stroke and direct fuel injection 2-stroke
outboard marine engines).
 Advocate for emission reductions from power plants and more
stringent national vehicle emission standards.
HOW TO STOP WATER POLLUTION ?
DO NOT dispose of household chemicals or cleaning agents
down the sink or toilet.
DO NOT flush pills, liquid or powder medications or drugs
down the toilet. For recommendations on proper disposal for all
types of medical wastes
Avoid using a garbage disposal. Keep solid wastes solid. Make a
compost pile from vegetable scraps.
Install a water efficient toilet.
Run the dishwasher or clothes washer only when you have a full
load. This conserves electricity and water.
Minimize the use of pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers. DO NOT
dispose of these chemicals, motor oil, or other automotive fluids
into the sanitary sewer or storm sewer systems. Both of them
end at the river.
HOW TO STOP SOIL POLLUTION ?
Remove any underground fuel storage tanks. Underground tanks
that hold heating oil can corrode, leak and contaminate soil.
Avoid using chemical pesticides. Chemical treatments that kill
pests also kill small organisms and bacteria that add nutrients to
soil, making it less fertile
Maintain septic systems. Wastewater and sewer sludge can
contaminate soil with hazardous chemicals and bacteria that breed
disease
Prevent erosion by maintaining a green cover of plants and grass
on soil. Bare soil is more susceptible to the forces of wind and
water
Sound -proof your space. When you can't stop the noise at it's
source, you can do your best to keep it out.
Keep noisy machines away from your bedroom and living
areas. Situate your home so that your bed isn't right next to your
noisy furnace or air conditioning unit
Spend time away from noise.
Learn to meditate.
Use earplugs and noise-canceling headphones.These inventions
help millions of people deal with everyday noise.
Understand what causes noise pollution.
Check into the noise pollution laws in your area.
Make sure community spaces are following the rules.
HOW TO STOP RADIOACTIVE
POLLUTION ?
Safety measures should be enforced strictly;
Leakages from nuclear reactors, careless handling, transport and
use of radioactive fuels, fission products and radioactive isotopes
have to be totally stopped;
There should be regular monitoring and quantitative analysis
through frequent sampling in the risk areas;
Waste disposal must be careful, efficient and effective;
Appropriate steps should be taken against occupational
exposure;
Safety measures should be strengthened against nuclear
accidents; and
Preventive measures should be followed so that background
radiation levels do not exceed the permissible limits.
DONE BY: