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M.SELVARAJ
Engineering Officer
Central Power Research Institute, Bangalore
E-mail : msraj@cpri.in
10-Jan-20 1
TOWER DESIGN
1. TOWER TYPES
2. CLASSIFICATION OF TOWER
3. TOWER CONFIGURATION
4. LOADING OF TOWER
5. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
10-Jan-20 2
COST COMPARISION OF TRANSMISSION LINE
10% Conductors
40%
Foundations
15%
Insulators& Fittings
10-Jan-20 3
Type of Towers
10-Jan-20 4
CLASSIFICATION OF TOWERS
Towers
Foundations
10-Jan-20 6
DESIGN OF MECHANICAL SUPPORTS
10-Jan-20 7
SELF SUPPORTING TOWER
10-Jan-20 8
COMPACT TRANSMISSION LINE STRUCTURES
GUY TOWER 132 kV D/C 132 kV S/C -POLE 132 kV D/C - POLE
10-Jan-20 9
TOWER CONFIGURATION
- PEAK
- CROSS ARM
- BOOM
- CAGE
- TOWER BODY
- BODY EXTENSION
- LEG EXTENSION
- STUB/ANCHOR BOLT & BASE PLATE
ASSEMBLY.
10-Jan-20 10
DESIGN PARAMETERS
- VOLTAGE LEVEL
- SPAN
- CONDUCTOR DETAILS ( ACSR/AAAC)
- EARTHWIRE DETAILS ( GSS/OPGW)
- WIND SPEED
- MAX & MIN TEMPERATURE ( Climatic condition )
- INSULATOR DETAILS ( Porcelain / Polymeric )
- MIN. GROUND CLEARANCE
- PHASE TO PHASE CLEARANCE ( horizontal & vertical)
10-Jan-20 11
Right of Way ( ROW) Requirement
10-Jan-20 13
SAG-TENSION
PSTI-CPRI
10-Jan-20 14
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS
Temperature variations
Maximum temperature
10-Jan-20 15
CONDUCTOR TYPES
ACSR
AAAC
ACAR
AAC
New Technology Conductors
- Trapezoidal
- ACSS
- INVAR
- Self Damping
- Vibration Resistant
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10-Jan-20 20
DESIGN OF TOWERS
- DESIGN PARAMETERS
- SAG-TENSION CALCULATION
- TOWER GEOMETRY
- COMPUTER MODELLING
- TOWER ANALYSIS/DESIGN
10-Jan-20
PSTI-CPRI 21
SAG - TENSION CALCULATION
- CONDUCTOR
- GROUNDWIRE (90 % of Conductor Sag )
- SHIELDING ANGLE
10-Jan-20
PSTI-CPRI 22
TOWER GEOMETRY
10-Jan-20
PSTI-CPRI 23
TOWER OUTLINE
h4
h1 = Max.Sag + Creep
+ Ground clearance
h3
h2
h1
B
10-Jan-20 24
CLEARANCE DIAGRAM
= shielding angle
for lines up to 220 kV
= 30
for lines 400 kV and above
= 20
10-Jan-20 25
CLEARANCE DIAGRAM
220 kV TOWER
SPAN : 350 m
VERTICAL SPACING (v)
V : 5.0 m
H : 8.5 m
Min. Ground
Clearance : 7.0 m
x2 Mid span
Clearance : 8.5 m
Swing angle : 15 deg
x1 60 deg
X1 : 2.1 m
X2 : 1.7 m
ACSR/AAAC – ZEBRA
HORIZONTAL SPACING ( H)
10-Jan-20 26
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Minimum Electrical clearances
10-Jan-20 29
Minimum clearances for any conductor of an overhead line from
ground and buildings at different places shall be as given below:
1 33 119
2 39 130
3 44 158
4 47 169
5 50 180
6 55 198
10-Jan-20 31
Design wind speed (Vd)
Vd = VR * K1 * K2
where
K1 = Risk coefficient
function of Reliability level and
wind zone
K2 = Terrain coefficient
10-Jan-20 32
Design wind pressure (Pd)
Pd = 0.6 Vd 2
Fwt = Pd * Cdt * Ae * GT
Cdt = drag coefficient
Ae = total net surface area
GT = gust response factor
10-Jan-20 33
FLOW CHART FOR TOWER DESIGN
NAME, VOLTAGE, GEOLOGICAL DESIGN PHILOSPHY
CLASS, WIND ZONE & CONSTRAINTS (FROM IS / IEC/
BASIC DESIGN DETAILS OF ROUTE & STANDARDISATION
PARAMETERS ( FROM BILL OF QUANTITIES COMMITTEE
APPROVED FR OR SEF (FROM SITE) REPORTS)
GROUP)
INPUTS
REVIEW
REVIEW
FINAL DESIGN (THEORITICAL)
STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS
SUCCESSFUL
FAILED
PROTO TESTING (FULL SCALE) DESIGN FINALISED
10-Jan-20 34
LOAD ESTIMATION
10-Jan-20 35
LOADING DIAGRAM
10-Jan-20 36
TOWER DESIGN – CTADS SOFTWARE
10-Jan-20 37
3-D MODELLING OF 132 kV TOWER
10-Jan-20 38
CTADS- POST PROCESSOR
10-Jan-20 39
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