To calculate Electrical

Transmission and Distribution

losses
BY: SREEKAR CHITTI
AKHIL RAVOORI
RITWICK JHA
Objectives of the project

Objectives were to calculate losses like distribution and transmission losses in the
plant
We will be discussing about
► the various losses that occur in the plant and
► how we calculated them

Some of the final values of the losses calculated will be shown in the
upcoming slides
Introduction

► Losses are defined as the difference between the energy put into the
system and the energy that is utilized by the end users.
Transmission loss

Transmission loss represents about 5-10% of total generation.

Distribution loss:

Distribution Losses

Cable Losses Transformer

losses

Transformer losses consist of various types: Stray losses, Hysteresis Losses, Eddy
Current losses, Iron Losses, No load loss, Dielectric loss, Eddy losses in
conductor.
We mainly focus on No load and Full load losses(practically) in a transformer.
Line loss

► The cables present at gcw are three core conductors(the exact

dimensions are(3c*300sqm).

Resistance=R =
Current=45A Length=4km
0.06 Ω/Km/Phase

► 3*I2*R*L=Line Loss in a line. This is the formula we use to calculate line loss .
Cable losses

Cable power losses or power drop are due to the conductor resistance
heating that occurs when current flows. These cable losses are more often
called KW losses or I²R losses. This is expressed by the following formula:
Power losses = 3 × (I²R) /1000

Cable size: 3c*300 sq.mm

Resistance of cable: 0.13ohm/km
Transformer loss calculation

We take some parameters into consideration such as the primary and

secondary voltage/current ratings.
We also look into the test reports of an individual transformer to get:
► No load loss(KW), Full Load loss(KW), Full load Stray loss(KW)
We look at the actual loading condition as well which we take the
%loading*impedance( of transformer and calculate Actual Copper loss from
it.
No load loss is given to us in a data sheet.
Calculated Results

► Calculated losses:
using the formula (3 × (I²R)x L) for line loss we get
Line loss = Line 1 loss +Line 2 loss
= 34.992 + 73.008
=108KWH per Day
Distribution loss = Transformer loss(8472Kwh) + cable loss(2357Kwh)
= 10829 KWH/day
► Actual losses:
Transmission loss = line 1: 256Kwh
line2: 2416Kwh
Sum of line losses 1 & 2 = 2672 KWH/day
Distribution loss= 10112KWH/day
● Distribution losses that we have calculated almost nearer to actual
Distribution losses reading from Energy Monitoring system(EMS). So, there is
no error in measurement equipment

● Transmission losses as per calculation and actual reading leads major

difference around 2564 KWH per day. So, there may be a chance of
measuring errors in instruments.
Theoretical approach to mitigate losses

► Major part of distribution loss is power transformer loss, to get minimum

losses all transformer should be loaded nearer to 50% of full load. At this
loading condition, Full loss is almost equal to no load loss.

► In cooler 1, Rawmill2, kiln 2, cement mill 3&1, jetty 1&2 , coal mill phase2. In
these areas, some transformer power factor was poor after improving that
upto 0.99 pf. We can reduce transformer loss around 129.5 KWH per day.
Summary

Transmission line 1 & 2 both were loaded the same and we got actual loss in
line 1: 256KWH
line 2: 2416KWH
from this analysis we can conclude there may be an error in line 2 measuring
system.
THANK YOU