FEDERAL TVET INSTITUTE

DEPARTMENT OF WOOD TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

PRESNTATION ON
Summary report of Findings on Surveyed Wood Working Industries
Drying Need Assessment

Group Members
1. Osman Seid
2. Fiseha Mohammed
3. Webante Demsie
4. Tesfay Tsegay
5. Sekena Mohammed
6. Hussen Mohammed
7 . Melka
 1. Profile of the industries
• 35 industries were assessed from three sub-cities (Gulele, Bole, Yeka, and Adis kefle ketema) and Bishiftu.

• Analysis of the business profiles show that 14 of the industries are engaged in sawmill factory while the
remaining 21 are furniture industry . All the sawmill industries are located in Gulele.

• The industries are grouped into Individual , Partnership and PLC in which the younger is 1 years old while the
older is 20 years old since establishment and operation. The average age of the enterprise is around 8 years .

TYPE OF INDUSTRY NATURE LOCATION OF INDUSTRY

40%

11%
40%
ADIS KETEMA
FURNITUR INDUSTRY
60%
BISHOFTU
3%
SAWMILL INDUSTRY GULELE

YEKA

43% BOLE
3%
 Cont.
• All the industries are found in four categories based on their capitals.
 Micro enterprise/industries the capital from 50,000 __100,000 ETB
 Small industries from 100,001__1, 500,000
 Medium industries 1, 500,0001__ 7,500,000
• The average initial capital 2, 646,998 and the current capital is 27,650,000
• It appears that business enterprise engaged in sawmill scored high initial and current capital than the furniture
industries.

NATURE OF ESTABLISHED ENTERPRISE LEVEL

29%

MICRO
23%

48% SMALL

MIDDIUM
 CATAGORIZED BY CURENT CAPITAL (INTERPRISE LEVEL)
UNDER 500,000 CURRENT CAPITAL PROFILE (SMALL ENTERPRIZE
600000
INITIAL CAPITAL
AMOUNT OF CAPITAL

500000

400000 CURENT CAPITAL

300000

200000

100000

NAME OF ESTABLISHMENT
 B/N 500,000 - 1.5 MILL CURRENT CAPITAL
PROFILE
B/N 500,000 - 1.5 MILL CURRENT CAPITAL PROFILE

1,600,000
AMOUNT OF CAPITAL

INITIAL CAPITAL
1,400,000
1,200,000
CURENT CAPITAL
1,000,000
800,000
600,000
400,000
200,000
0

NAME OF ESTABLISHMENT
 ABOVE 1.5 MILL CURENT CAPITAL
(HIGHER ENTERPRISE)
9,000,000 ABOVE 1.5 MILL CURENT CAPITAL ((HIGHER ENTERPRISE)
8,000,000
INITIAL CAPITAL
7,000,000
AMOUNT OF CAPITAL

6,000,000
CURENT CAPITAL
5,000,000

4,000,000

3,000,000

2,000,000

1,000,000

NAME OF ESTABLISHMENT
 2. Employees profile of the industries
• The industries has total of 458 employees (female 59 and 399 male) in which 295 are as permanent and 163 are
seasonal.
• Female have least number in each levels/categories of the industries. In general female 13% while men 87%.
• Sawmill industries tend to employ larger number of workers as compared to furniture industries.
NUMBER OF PERSONS ENGAGED IN FINDINGS ON EMPLOYMENT CONDITIONS OF
SURVEYED INDUSTRIES
PRODUCTION

Unpaid apprentices

0%
31% Production workers 87% 13%

67% 2% Administrative workers

Paid apprentices MALE

Seasonal and temporary FEMALE

workers
 FINDINGS ON EMPLOYMENT CONDITIONS OF SURVEYED INDUSTRIES
180
NO of persons engaged in production
160
MALE 87.34%
140
FEMEL 12.66%
120

100

80

60

40

20

0
 3. Findings on major characteristics of skill and knowledge
• Of the total employees, 58 workers are university graduates and 95 workers are have certificate, TVET and
other diploma while the remaining have (1-12 grades educational levels).

• Almost all of the employee does not attend academic training in wood technology. They are working on the
bases of traditional experience on wood technology.

Unpaid working proprietors and fam.

workers..

Production worker

Administrative workers
FINDINGS ON MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS OF SKILL AND KNOWLEDGE OF SKILL AND KNOWLEDGE

250
NO OF WORKERS BY SKIL CHARACTER

UNPAID WORKING PROPRIETORS AND FAM. WORKERS 3.06 %..

200 PRODUCTION WORKER 84.06%
ADMINISTRATIVE WORKERS 12.88%

150

100

50

0
 4. Summary findings of quantity of manufactured lumber by surveyed industries during 2011
• It is found that the sawmill industries use Cypress and eucalyptus timber species. Cypress
is mostly used for sawn wood production in all the surveyed industries. the thickness of
sawn wood is characterized by 25 and 50 mm.
• Micro enterprise /industries are not involved in sawmill.
• The industry manufactured 270, 699 pcs of lumber and earned 63,344,927 ETB during
the 2011 (E.C).
21546184.18
25,000,000
QUNTITY Total PRICE
20,000,000

15,000,000 9483472.62

10,000,000 3,470,584
1,135,173
5,000,000

0
2.5 CM 5 CM
 5. Summary of findings on quantity and cost of sawn wood consumed by
the industry during 2011
• Cypress, Cordia Africa, pine and Eucalyptus timber species sawn wood is mostly used by furniture industries
• Australian pine is mostly chosen as far as quality matter is concerned though the product incur more cost. Other
wood products locally called Nekay are used for sawn wood production.
• The thickness of sawn wood is characterized by 25 and 50 mm. the industry consumed 27,434 pcs of sawn wood
and 589 m3 nekay and costs 12,688,680 ETB during the 2011

Quantity of lumber CONSUMPTION OF LUMBER

12000
10000 MICRO
8000 79% SMALL
MEDIUM
6000
4000
2000
0

14%
7%
 cont.

SAWN WOOD TYPE OF WOOD

CHARACTERISTICS SPECIES
13%

37%
63% 87%

Hardwood Softwood
 6. Summary of findings on locally manufactured and consumed
sawn wood in 2011

• It is observed that most of the sawmill industries does not dry the sawn wood while
furniture industries are often apply drying though traditionally by air.

• Sawmill industries produce lumber in different thickens, width and length after buying
the logs from different brokers ( i.e. local broker, broker from Hawassa).

• Furniture industries buy the products from local store, local brokers and local industries.

• The data gathered from sawmill industries indicates that cause for low quality of log
are bad tree management, insect attack , bad tree felling techniques and bad sawing
techniques , In addition to that some logs tight by wire and some logs contains nails
that will affect the quality of log.
 7. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR SURVEY # 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 22, 25, 26, 28 AND 29

SAWMILL FURNITURE
14 14 14
14 25
NO YES No Yes
12
21 21 21
11 11
20
10
10

15
8 13 13
11
6 10
8 8
4
4
3 3
5
3
2
1 0 0 0
0 0 0
0 Contractual Quality Storge Measure Dry sawn Customer
Contractual Quality Storge Measure the Dry sawn Customer agreement criterion rooms the wood complaints
agreement criterion rooms moisture wood complaints moisture
content content
8. Summary of findings of survey #21 for the five woodworking industries
• All furniture and sawmill industries often check and select log and sawn wood without proper
academic knowledge, but traditionally managers, owner and production worker always check
the specification and quality of the logs and sawn woods
RESPONSIBLE FOR CHECKING MATERIALS IN THE INDUSTRIES
51.43%
60%

50%
28.57%
40%
20% PRODUCTION WORKER
30%
MANAGER
20%

10% PRODUCTION WORKER & MANAGER

0%
 9. Summary of findings for surveys # 16, 18, 23, 24 27 and 30 and their discussions

• The industries check log and sawn wood traditionally through only observing length, width and
defects like knot, split and warping. is not enough for selecting materials for production of good
quality sawn wood and furniture products.

• Furniture industries have storage room with a size (area) of 6-12m2 to store lumbers from 15 days to
three months.

• Local materials have many defects due to the absence of proper drying, skills and absence of
sufficient moisture control system of the wood products and the raw materials.

• This has resulted a production of insufficiently quality wood products in the market specifically on
furniture. As the result, customers often come with many complaints.
 10.Conclusions of the drying need assessment on the 35 surveyed industries.

• Most of the employments of the industries are not trained about the work what they are
doing this causes defects on the products.

• sawmill enterprise tend to employ larger number of workers as compared to enterprise

engaged furniture. And micro enterprise/ industries are not engaged in a sawmill.

• All furniture and sawmill industries usually check and select log and sawn wood without
proper academic knowledge, but traditionally managers and owner always take the
responsibility of checking the specification and quality of the logs and sawn woods.

• The Saw mill industries do not have storage room/log yard. And they do not dry the
lumber they manufactured, because high market demand of lumber this might be the causes
of low quality of final products for the end user.
 Cont.…
• Furniture industries have lumber storage room, and some of the industries drying lumbers
using air drying traditional method.
• Some of the complaint raised from customers because of drying defects are losses of joint
part, losses of handles, poor finishing and loss of laminates/hollow panels.
• During the surveying time, we observe that there is high needs of drying lumbers in both
industries especially furniture industries.
• And we recommended solar drying to address the industries because of its abundance and
easy of construction.
• For sawmill industries the solar dryer is better to build for each individual, while, for
furniture industries by groups one solar dryer for four or five industries based on their
sizes and locations.