Methodology

for preparation
of Concrete
By,
S. Siva Prasad
Assistant Professor
M.V.G.R
Manufacture process of
concrete:
The following are the steps to be followed
for concrete:
 Batching
 Mixing
 Transporting
 Placing
 Compacting
 Finishing
 Curing
Batching:
The materials can be measured before
mixing by two types :
 Volume Batching
 Weigh Batching
Mixing:
The Mixing of materials can be
Done by two methods:
 Hand Mixing
 Machine Mixing
Transporting:
The Materials can be transported by several
means before placing the means are:
 Mixers
 Belt Conveyors
 Chute
 Pumps and pipe line
Placing:
The materials should be placed without
any segregation and bleeding.
The material should be placed from a
minimal site distance.
The materials placed in proper location
and then compaction should be started.
Depositing Concrete:

Effective use of Discharging into previously

wheelbarrows placed concrete
Placement with Conveyor
Belt

Provide at least 0.6 Belt Scraper

m headroom for
downpipe, elephant
trunk or equivalent
No
Separation
Compaction:
The compaction material should be done
to expel the air voids from the concrete.
It can be done by following methods:
 Tamping
 Vibrators
a. Surface vibrators
b. Immersion type
c. Vibrating table
Finishing:
The finishing or getting the plane or equal
surface of concrete by following
equipments:
Bull Float

Screeding
towelling
 Curing Of Concrete:
It is defined as the operation of maintaining
humidity and temperature of freshly placed concrete
during some definite period following placing ,casting
or finishing to assure satisfactory hydration of cement
and proper hardening of the concrete

If the curing is neglected in early period of

hydration, the quality of concrete will experience some
irreparable loss
METHODS OF CURING:
 Water Curing

 Application Of Heat

 Membrane Curing

 Miscellaneous
Water Curing:

This is the best method of curing as it

satisfies all the requirement of curing namely,
promotion of hydration, elimination of
shrinkage and absorption of heat of
hydration
Types Of Water Cuing:
 SPRAYING OR FOGGING

 IMMERSION

 PONDING

 WET COVERING
Membrane Curing:

Sometimes concrete work is carried

out at a place where there is shortage of water.
Therefore lavish application of water in curing is
not possible it has been pointed out that curing
does not means application of water ,it also
means to create uninterrupted and progressive
hydration
APPLICATION OF HEAT CURING:

 The development of strength of concrete

is a function of not only time but also
temperature.

 When concrete is subjected to higher

temperature it accelerates the hydration
process resulting in faster development of
strength .
Types of Heating Curing:
 STEAM CURING AT ORDINARY PRESSURE
 STEAM CURING AT HIGH PRESSURE
 CURING BY INFRA-RED RADIATION
 ELECTRICAL CURING
Steam Curing At Ordinary Pressure :

This method is often adopted by

prefabricated concrete elements. Application of
steam curing to in situ construction will be a difficult
task. However at some places it has been useful with
the help of thick polyethylene sheets. But the rate of
development of strength is not beneficial
High Pressure Steam Curing:
In the steam curing at atmospheric
pressure the temperature of steam is
naturally below 100 C. the steam will get
converted in to water, thus it can be called
in any way , as hot water curing . this is
done in open atmosphere
Miscellaneous
 Calcium chloride is used as a either as a
surface coating or as an admixture
 The salt content is not only absorb
moisture but also keep it wet for a long
time
 Formwork also Prevents escaping of
moisture from the concrete
Duration of Curing:
o The concrete should not be allowed to dry fast in
any conditions.
o The best practice is to keep the concrete in gunny
bags for 24 hours and then commence water curing
by ponding or sprinkling method.
o The concrete cured for the long time will show
superior strength and show other good properties.
o However, curing for long time will be a costlier
process.
o The curing period varies for different structures,
situation and different atmospheric temperature.
o So for general it is cured for 7 days