‫حساب الكميات والمواصفات‬

Quantity Surveying and specification

Lecture 1

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Abdelrahman Aqel Abueladas Surveying & Geomatics Engineering Department
 Quantity Surveying and specification

•What is Engineering Project

•Definition of Quantity Survey‫االامسح االاكمي‬
•Importance of Quantity Survey
•Required Data for the Preparation of an Estimate or
Quantity Survey
•Types of Estimates and Quantity Survey

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 Introduction
Engineering Projects:
All start with map of the site where the future structure or utility will be.
The LAND value has to be estimated as a part of the project, especially
when expropriated , and when this requires computation of area.
The CONTRACT is signed between the owner of the project and the
design company.
Specialists design the structure (utility), producing large variety of
design; the design process costs money.
Another contract is signed between owner of the project and building
company.
The design drawings are transferred to the field by surveyors and
marked so building contractor knows where and what must be built.
The constructor executes the construction works over some period of
time and receives payment according the signed contract.

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 Introduction

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Earth works:
Cut and Fill
Excavations and embankment.
Borrow pits and waste.
Earth works are involved in:
•All engineering projects.
•Mining.
•Land development.
Precise computation of volume is very important because:
a) High cost of earthworks.
b) Errors in estimation lead to conflicts, litigation, and often failure of
the project.\
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Earth works: are computed and volumes of cut and fill
(excavation and embankment) using:

a) Direct survey measurement in the field before and after excavation

and /or embankment, e.g. mining.

b) Photogrammetry: comparing digital elevation models from

overlapping aerial photographs before and after the project.

c) Profiles and cross sections.

d) Contour maps and engineering drawings.

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Definition of Quantity Survey :
•Quantity survey is defined as a schedule of quantities of
all the items of work in a building.
•Quantity surveying is a term or process used in the
construction industry to take measurements of civil works,
prepare specifications, and estimate the cost of works
either for each trade/item of work or for the whole project.
•The term “surveying” means to inspect, study, review,
investigate, asses, and hence “to measure”.
•Therefore the term “quantity surveying” means
“quantity measuring” as applied to civil engineering
projects.

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 Estimating
•Estimating: is the technique of calculating the various
quantities and the expected Expenditure to be incurred
on a particular work or a project.
•Estimation: is the scientific way of working out the
approximate cost of an engineering project before
execution of the work.
•It is totally different from calculation of the exact cost
after completion of the project.

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To prepare an estimate, you have to answer two
basic questions:
1–How much work is to be done?
2–What will it cost to do this work?
•The process of measuring work is called taking off.
Quantity take-offs (QTO) are a detailed measurement
of materials and labor needed to complete a construction
project. They are developed by an estimator during the
preconstruction phase. These measurements are used to
format a bid on the scope of construction.
•The taking off is processed and priced in a number of
different ways, depending upon :
a) The type of construction.
b) The contract involved.
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 •Estimation requires a thorough knowledge of:
1- The construction procedures.
2- Cost of materials & labor.
3- The skill, experience.
4- Sound engineering judgment.
•An estimate of the cost of a construction job is the
probable cost of that job as computed from plans and
specifications

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 Notes
Quantity surveyors plays crucial
role during the project implementation
either with the consultant or with the
contractor
For a good estimate , the actual
cost of the proposed work after
completion should not differ by
more than 5 to 10% from its
approximate cost estimate, providing
there are no unusual, unforeseen
circumstances. 12
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 ‫‪Introduction‬‬
‫حاسب الكميات ‪Quantity surveyor:‬‬
‫‪ ‬هو الشخص القائم على أعمال حصر قياسات العمال واستخراج‬
‫كميات أعمال المشاريع و إعداد جداول الكميات من المخططات‬
‫الهندسية أو من مواقع العمل خلل تنفيذ المشاريع كما و يقوم‬
‫بإعداد وتحضير و تدقيق المستخلصات المالية للمشاريع‪.‬‬
‫‪‬مهام حاسب الكميات‬
‫‪ -1‬حساب كميات العمال لمختلف المباني و المشاريع العمرانية‬
‫‪ -2‬وصف و إعداد بنود و جداول الكميات للعمال‬
‫‪ -3‬إعداد التكلفة التقديرية لبنود العمال في جداول الكميات‬
‫‪ -4‬إعداد طلبيات الموقع من المواد الخام و أصنافها و أماكن توزيعها‬
‫‪ -5‬إعداد و تدقيق المستخلصات المالية )الدفعات المالية المستحقة‬
‫للمقاول خلل عملية التنفيذ‪(.‬‬
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What are the tasks covered in quantity surveying?
1. Preparation of Specifications.
2. Taking measurements of civil works .
3. Preparation of approximate (preliminary) cost estimate
at the very early stage of the project.
4. Preparation of detail cost estimate at different stages
(taking as built measurements and preparing payment
certificates or approval of payment certificates prepared
by taking measurements)
5. Valuation of property 14
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What are the major factors influencing on estimate
accuracy?
1-Quality and amount of project information (design,
costs, etc..) available for preparing the estimate;
2-Time allocated to prepare the estimate;
3- Proficiency/experience of the estimator and the
estimating team;
3- Methods, tools and techniques used in preparing
the estimate.

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What are the essential qualities of a good estimator?
To prepare a good estimate, the estimator must
1- Have good knowledge regarding the important rules of
quantity surveying and select a good method for
estimation
2- Must thoroughly understand the drawings of the
structure and have experience in dealing with details of
construction work
3- Have ability to collect, classify and evaluate data
relating to estimation
4- Must also be clearly informed about the specifications
(showing nature and classes of works, materials and
machinery), because the rates - at which various types of
works can be executed- depend upon its specification
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What are the essential qualities of a good estimator?
To prepare a good estimate, the estimator must
5-Have ability to visualize all the steps during the process
of construction
6-Before preparing the estimate, the estimator should visit
the site and make a study of conditions, there.

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 ‫‪‬مراحل حساب الكميات‬
‫أ( إعداد القياسات و الحسابات الهندسية للعمال على مرحلتين ‪:‬‬
‫المرحلة الولى ‪ :‬من المخططات التصميمية‬
‫المرحلة الثانية ‪ :‬من موقع العمل‬
‫ب( إعداد جداول الكميات ووضع التكلفة التقديرية‬
‫ج( إعداد و مراجعة المستخلصات المالية‬
‫‪‬المراحل الرئيسية في المشاريع الهندسية‬
‫• مرحلة العداد‬
‫• مرحلة ترسية العطاء و التنفيذ و الشراف‬
‫• مرحلة استلم و تشغيل المشروع وصيانته‬

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 ‫‪‬وثائق العطاء‬
‫• المخططات التصميمية‬
‫• جداول الكميات‬
‫• المواصفات الفنية‬
‫• الشروط العامة و الخاصة‬
‫• المستندات و الملحق القانونية‬
‫‪‬أطراف المشروع الهندسي‬
‫• المالك أو الممول و هو صاحب العمل‬
‫• الستشاري )المكتب الهندسي المصمم و المشرف(‬
‫• المقاول‬

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 ‫‪‬أعمال إنشاء المباني‬
‫• أعمال الحفر والردم ‪Landfill work‬‬
‫• أعمال الخرسانة‬
‫• أعمال البناء‬
‫• أعمال القصارة‬
‫• أعمال البلط والرخام‬
‫• أعمال الدهان‬
‫• أعمال الخشب و البواب‬
‫• أعمال الشبابيك واللمنيوم‬
‫• أعمال الكهرباء‬
‫•العمال الصحية و الميكانيكية‬

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 ‫وحدات القياس الهندسية المستخدمة في حساب الكميات‬
Units of Measurements
: (lump-sum) ‫• المقطوعية‬
A single payment made at a particular time, as
opposed to a number of smaller payments or
installments.
(R.M) :‫• المتر الطولي‬
Works consists linear measurements involve length
like fencing, hand rail, etc., are expressed in running
meters (RM)
( .No ): ‫• العدد‬
•Single units work like doors, windows, trusses‫ و‬etc.,
is expressed in numbers.
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 ‫وحدات القياس الهندسية المستخدمة في حساب الكميات‬
Units of Measurements
( .No ): ‫• العدد‬
•Single units work like doors, windows, trusses etc., is
expressed in numbers.
Area = Length ×Width : (m2) ‫• المتر المربع‬
Works consist a real surface measurements involve area
like plastering, white washing, partitions of specified thickness
etc., and are expressed in square meters (m2).
(m3) ‫• المتر المكعب‬
Volume =Length ×Width ×(Height or Thickness)
= Area of cross-section ×Length
Works consist cubic contents which involve volume like
earth work, cement concrete, Masonry etc.. are expressed in
Cubic meters (m3). 22
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 ‫وحدات القياس الهندسية المستخدمة في حساب الكميات‬
Units of Measurements .
(Kg-ton) ‫• الوزن‬
•Works consist weight contents which involve
weights like reinforcing steel, cement, etc.. are
expressed in kg.
( Day-Hour) ‫• اليومية أو الساعة‬

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