Prepared in consultation with Dr Mradula & Dr Karunasree of eye department

LENS COVER CORNEA

Similarities MECHANISM CAMERA EYE
1. opening for light to enter aperture pupil

control the amount of

diaphragm control size of iris muscles control size
2. light entering
aperture of pupil
camera/eye
mainly cornea ;
3. refract light glass biconvex lens lens, aqueous & vitreous
humor
object of light action to photosensitive chemicals photoreceptors(rods &
4.
form image on film cones) in retina

absorb excessive light to

5. prevent multiple images dark internal surface pigmented, dark choroid
formation
focusing mechanism :
change focal length of lens using ciliary
muscles

change distance between lens & film

 DISTANT FOCUS

CLOSE FOCUS
Lens& accommodation process
Lens and accommodation process
Good visual acuity
What you've probably always heard is true: the human
eye does work like a camera. The light and images we see
pass through the cornea at the front of the eye. The light
and images then go through the lens inside the eye, and,
finally, focus directly onto the retina, at the back of the
eye. The retina sends the "signals" to our brain, which
registers them.
the iris acts as an f-stop mechanism that regulates the amount of light that is
transmitted through the eye to the retina.

Malfunctioning of the optical system may

cause different types of visual impairments
Poor visual acuity is primarily caused by refractive errors. These errors
occur when the cornea is shaped in such a way that the images we see
do not focus directly on the retina.

Myopia (Nearsightedness)
When you're nearsighted or myopic, images in the distance will seem
blurry. It is difficult to see far. Your eyes may be longer than normal or
the cornea may be too curved, so images focus in front of the retina.
Hyperopia (Farsightedness)
When you are farsighted or hyperopic, images that are
near (the words on a page, for example) appear to be
more blurry than images in the distance. It is difficult to
see near. Your eyes may be too short, or your cornea too
flat, so images focus behind the retina.
Astigmatism
Astigmatism results in a blurring of all images, whether near
or far. Here, images focus on more than one point in front
of, or behind the retina. The result is that all images,
whether near or far, may be blurry. In mixed astigmatism,
symptoms of myopia or hyperopia are combined, resulting
in the overall inability to see images clearly.
Presbyopia.
Presbyopia, another common vision problem, is different from
any of the problems discussed above. A physiological weakening
of vision due to the natural aging process, presbyopia is the
reason many people require reading glasses from the time they
reach middle age. Since presbyopia reflects a problem with the
eye's lens, and not its cornea, it cannot be directly corrected by
LASIK .
Cataract.
Cataract is a clouding that develops in the lens of the eye. It typically develops slowly and over
time obstructs the passage of light into the eye, potentially causing blindness if left untreated.
Cataracts is common among older individuals and is the most common cause of vision loss in
people over age 40. Common symptoms include: Cloudy/blurry vision, colors seem faded,
double vision, difficulty seeing at night.