Political Personalities and

their Economic Reforms

ANCHETA, Shaena Mae Vey
SAPLA, Estefany
Mao Zedong
Mao was a Chinese communist
leader and founder of the
People's Republic of China.

His theories, military strategies,

and political policies are
collectively known as Maoism.
Great Leap Forward
■ was an economic and social campaign by Mao Zedong to transform
the country from an agrarian economy into a communist society
through the formation of People's communes
■ The idea was to “use militarized manpower instead of capital
equipment to speed up and increase economic production.”
Instead of an increase in production as was stated, there was actually a
decline. There were food shortages which led to strict rationing and
ultimately this lead to famines. The products of the backyard steal
furnaces were found to be a waste of labor and were considered useless.
Restatement of Great Leap Forward’s aims
■ The idea of communes was still maintained but the function
of these communes was limited to coordination and
direction.
■ The communes were no longer military-like, but instead
they were administrative units.
Deng Xiaoping
Deng is a Chinese communist leader
who was the most powerful figure in
the PRC from the late 1970s until his
death in 1997.

He abandoned many orthodox

communist doctrines and attempted
to incorporate elements of the free-
enterprise system and other reforms
into the Chinese economy.
The Second Revolution
■ reforming China's dying economic system and "opening up
to outside world.“
■ reforms launched by Deng were described as "Socialism
with Chinese Characteristics.“
■ decentralized the state economy by replacing central
planning with market forces, breaking down the collective
farms and getting rid of state-run enterprises.
■ Special Economic Zones led for factories to create goods
that were then exported for foreign capital
Xi Zhongxun
He once served as deputy prime
minister of China and was an early
comrade-in-arms of Mao Zedong.

Xi helped the founding of

Communist guerrilla bases in
northwestern China in the 1930s.
He was imprisoned and purged
several times
Initiation of the Special Economic Zones
■ Xi saw the suppressed entrepreneurial instincts of the
people in Guangdong and thought it should be utilized.
■ These areas can be of help to the economy. If it were to fail,
there will only be limited fallout since it is only a portion of
the large country; and if it succeeds, it will serve as a good
response to the critics of reforms and as models for others
to follow.
■ Hu Yaobang was convinced of the idea and (prolly) told
Deng Xiaoping of the plan.
Hu Yaobang
He held the top office of the CCP,
first as Chairman, then as General
Secretary. He rose to prominence
as a comrade of Deng Xiaoping.

During the Cultural Revolution, Hu

was purged, recalled, and purged
again by Mao Zedong.
Initiation & Sustainance of Deng’s reforms

■ Promotion of radical reform in the agricultural sector

■ Implemented a system in which farmers were able to sell
their surplus crops back to the state for a profit
■ Town and Village Enterprises spearheaded businesses, and
small unofficial banks lent money to China’s emerging class
of private businessmen
Xiang Nan
Xiang is a veteran leader who
worked with Xi Jinping. He was
the master of reform for Fujian.

He is told to be a person who

performs the same service for
his province like Xi Zhongxun.
Sustained the reforms in Fujian
■ Factories were established in the city region,
capitalizing on the multi-national companies that
put some of their manufacturing capacity in Fujian.
China’s State Council
CSC is the chief administrative
authority of the People's Republic of
China which is synonymous with the
Central People's Government since
1954.

It is chaired by the premier and

includes the heads of each of the
cabinet-level executive departments.
The Wenzhou Model
■ Coined by Jiefang Daily, the Wengzhou Model, is the pattern
when local Wenzhounese took the lead in China in
developing a commodity economy, household industries
and specialized markets.
■ Set-up networks which supported family-run export
businesses made it attract most attention.
■ Manufacturers of textike and ceramics went to Beijing and
sold nationally, and some went to Europe.
Jiang Zemin
Jiang is a Chinese retired politician
who served as General Secretary of
the Communist Party of China from
1989 to 2002 as Chairman of the CMC
from 1989 to 2004 and as President
of the People's Republic of China
from 1993 to 2003.
Sustenance of Deng’s reforms
■ Large-scale privatization occurred
■ Reduction of tariffs, trade barriers, and regulations
■ Reformation of the banking system
■ China joined the World Trade Organization
Xi Jinping
Xi is the general secretary of
the CCP, president of the PRC,
and chairman of the CMC.

Xi has been the paramount

leader and the highest-
ranking official in China since
2012
Initiation and Sustainance of Reforms
■ Supported local enterprise such as the internet start-up
Alibaba, and manufacturer of cars for the domestic market,
Geely.
■ Attracted McDonalds, Motorola, and Citibank to set up
branches in China
■ Encouraged enterprises to invest outwards into 116
countries
Initiation and Sustainance of Reforms
■ Comprehensively Deepening Reform which aims to limit the
role of government while giving a decisive role to the
market economy by 2020
■ Promotion of New Type of Urbanization which aims to give
an urban family registry to famers who have moved from
rural areas to urban areas and to grant urban public services
■ Innovation of Macro-Control which aims to specify a
reasonable range for economic management