Warmup (5 minutes)

1) A solution of potassium carbonate and a solution of

copper(I) nitrate are combined. Write the net ionic
equation showing formation of the precipitate.
*review your solubility rules. Remember that according to these rules, the
salts are soluble/insoluble at a certain concentration  0.1M.
2Cu+(aq) + CO32- (aq)  Cu2CO3(s)
2) What is the molarity of a solution where 39.9 g
CuSO4 are dissolved in 250.ml water?

39.9g(1mole)/159.62g = 0.24997 moles

0.24997 moles/0.250L = 1.00M
Dilutions and Titrations and
Solution Stoichiometry
 Solution Preparation from a Solid
1. How would you prepare a 1.00 M solution of CuSO4
in a 250. mL volumetric flask?
1. Figure out mass of solid you need to dissolve in that
particular amount of water.
M = mole 1.00M = mole
L 0.250 L
0.250 moles CuSO4 (159.62 g CuSO4 ) = 39.9 g CuSO4
1 mole CuSO4
2. Weigh out that mass of solid, place in flask.
3. Add about half the amount of water, swirl to
dissolve solute.
4. Add rest of water up to the line – do not
exceed the agreed-upon solution volume!
 Solution Preparation by Diluting a
Concentrated (Stock) Solution
2. How would you prepare 250.ml of a 0.300 M CuSO4
solution using the 1.00M solution we just made?
1. Figure out what volume of the stock solution that you
need draw out to add to more water for the dilution.

Formula: M1V1 = M2V2 V1 = M2V2

M1
V1 = (0.300 M)(250.ml)
V1 = 75.0 ml
1.00M
2. Add 75.0 ml of the 1.00M stock solution to the
v-flask. Add deionized water until you reach
the line. (why not measure 175ml and add it in?)
3. If 0.15 L of a 6.00 M H2SO4 solution is diluted to
make a 0.50 L solution, what is the molarity of the
diluted H2SO4 solution?
M1V1 = M2V2 M1V1 = M2
V2
M2 = (6.00 M)(0.15L)
0.50 L

M2 = 1.8 M
4. A titration is performed by adding 1.2 M KOH to 40.0 mL
of 0.300 M of HBr. Calculate the volume of base needed to
neutralize the acid (to reach the equivalence point)

Oversimplification:
moles acid = moles base

moles H+ =
moles OH- neutralization!
We’ll be using a magnetic
stirrer, a funnel, and a couple
other things for the LL!
4. A titration is performed by adding 1.20 M KOH
to 40.0 mL of 0.300 M HBr. Calculate the volume of
base needed to neutralize the acid (to reach the
equivalence point)
OH-(aq) + H+(aq)  H2O(l)

MaVa = MbVb

(0.300M)(40.0ml) = (1.20 M) Vb

Vb = 10.0 ml
5. Calcium hydroxide is placed in a buret and is slowly
titrated into a flask of hydroiodic acid. Suppose that
15.0 mL of a 2.50 x 10-2 M solution of Ca(OH)2 is
required to neutralize 10.0 mL of an HI solution.
What is the molarity of the HI solution? (assume
neutralization means “equivalence point” reached)
MaVa = MbVb
3.75 x 10-2 M is not correct. Why not?
Ca(OH)2  Ca2+(aq) + 2OH- (aq)
[OH-] = 2 x [Ca(OH)2]
Ma(10.0ml) = (5.00 x 10-2 M)(15.0ml)
[H+] and [HI] = 7.50 x 10-2 M
6. A standard NaOH solution is made in a 250. ml
volumetric flask using 1.00 grams of the solid. A buret is
filled to 50.0ml and then 33.4 ml of titrant is slowly added
to 40.0 mL of a weak acid until the equivalence point is
reached. Calculate the [H+] in the weak acid solution.

MaVa = MbVb

[H+](40.0ml) = (0.100M)(33.4ml)

[H+] = 8.35 x 10-2 M

7. A concentration less than 0.0050M Pb2+ in our drinking
water is considered safe. A titration is performed on a 25.0
ml water sample to determine the concentration of lead
ions. After 13.2 ml of a 0.250M NaI solution is added, a
precipitate forms. Upon further addition of NaI, no more
precipitate forms. What is the [Pb2+] in the sample?
Pb2+(aq) + 2I- (aq) PbI2(s)
MiVi = MPbVPb
(0.250M)(13.2ml) = MPb (25.0ml)
0.132M = MPb BUT
3.3. x 10-3 moles I- were added meaning there were
HALF that many moles of Pb2+ ions
MPb = 0.132M / 2 = 0.0660 M
 Solution Stoichiometry
8. 60.0 mL of a 0.050 M solution of AgNO3 is mixed with
40.0 mL of a 0.080 M solution of KCl.
a. Write the equation showing the precipitate formation.
KCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq)  K+ + Cl- + Ag+ + NO3-
Cl-(aq) + Ag+(aq)  AgCl(s)
0.0032 0.0030
moles moles
b. How many moles of each ion are present?
0.050M = x moles AgNO3 (or Ag+) 0.080 M = x moles KCl (or Cl-)
0.0600 L 0.040 L
c. How many moles of precipitate will form?
Because Ag+ is limiting, only 0.0030 moles ppt can form.
0.0002 moles of Cl- will be leftover.
9. 5.67 grams calcium nitrate is used to make a 2.00M
Ca(NO3)2 solution. This solution is mixed with 20.0 ml of a
1.0M Na2CrO4 solution.
a. Calculate the volume of the Ca(NO3)2 solution
2.00M = mole 2.00M = 0.0346 moles 2.00M (x)= 0.0346 moles
xL xL
x = 0.0173 L or 17.3 ml
5.67 g Ca(NO3)2 1 mole Ca(NO3)2

164.10 g Ca(NO3)2 = 0.0346 moles Ca(NO3)2

b. How many moles of sodium chromate are in the solution?

1.00M = mole 0.0200 moles Na2CrO4
0.0200L
9. 5.67 grams calcium nitrate is used to make a 2.00M Ca(NO3)2 solution.
This solution is mixed with 20.0 ml of a 1.0M Na2CrO4 solution.
c. How many moles of precipitate can form when the two
solutions are combined?
Na2CrO4(aq) + Ca(NO3)2(aq)  Na+ + CrO42- + Ca2+ + NO3-
CrO42-(aq) + Ca2+(aq)  CaCrO4(s)
0.0200 0.0346 only 0.0200 moles ppt can form
moles moles (chromate is limiting)
d. What mass of precipitate will be left when all the water
has evaporated?
0.0200 moles CaCrO4 156.08 g CaCrO4 = 3.12 g CaCrO4
1 mole CaCrO4