Direct & Indirect Speech

Arranged By:
MUHAMMAD ALAUDDIN NUR, S.Pd., Gr.

1
 WHAT ARE DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH ?

KOMPONEN
• Direct speech is a UTAMA PENDIDIKAN
sentence that reports speech or
MASAform,
thought in its original DEPANas phrased by the original
speaker. It is usually enclosed in quotation marks.

• Indirect speech, also called reported speech , is a

sentence that reports speech or thought without
quoting the exact words(original form).
 WHAT ARE DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH ?

KOMPONEN
• Direct Speech merupakanUTAMA PENDIDIKAN
kalimat langsung yang diucapkan secara
MASAdimana
langsung oleh sang pembicara DEPAN di dalam tulisannya Direct Speech
menggunakan tanda petik dua (apostrophe) di awal dan di akhir
kalimatnya sebagaimana di dalam teks percakapan. Perhatikan contoh di
bawah ini:
Jum says to me, “You are the best friend in my life!”
Jum berkata kepada saya, “Kamu adalah teman terbaik dalam hidupku!”

• Indirect Speech merupakan kalimat tidak langsung yang diutarakan atau

diucapkan baik oleh orang lain atau pun oleh dirinya sendiri dan bentuk
kalimat yang disampaikan telah berbeda dari ucapan orang aslinya atau
telah ditambah dengan tujuan agar pesan yang disampaikan lebih jelas
dan terkesan alami bagi yang mendengarnya.
Jum says to me that I am the best friend in her life.
Jum berkata kepada saya bahwa saya adalah teman terbaik di hidupnya.
 THE FORMS
KOMPONEN
• Andi UTAMA
says to me, “You PENDIDIKAN
are the one I love very
MASA DEPAN
much”
• Andi says to me that I am the one he love so
much

Both direct and indirect speech have 2 unsure,

1. Introduce phrase/Reporting verbs (Induk
Kalimat); the red words
2. Reported words (anak kalimat); the blue words
 THE RULES
KOMPONEN UTAMA PENDIDIKAN
MAIN RULES
MASA phase/reporting
Tense is changed If the introduce DEPAN verbs of a sentence uses
past tense, if it uses the present tense, the tense is not changed.
NOT CHANGE if :
John says, “I will go to Bandung tomorrow”
John says that he will go to Bandung tomorrow
Tom says, “I don’t like English”
Tom says that he doesn’t like English.
CHANGE if :
Father said “I am going out of town tomorrow”
Father said that he was going out of town the following day.
Tom said “I didn’t go to school this morning”
Tom said that he hadn’t gone to school that morning.
 RULES 1
KOMPONEN UTAMA PENDIDIKAN
TENSES CHANGING
MASA
Tense is changed If the introduce phaseDEPAN
of a sentence uses past tense, if it uses the
present tense, the tense is not changed.
 RIBET ? I GIVE YOU SOLUTION

KOMPONEN
Pada dasarnya, UTAMASpeech
perubahan Direct/Indirect PENDIDIKAN
dalam bentuk kalimat past
MASA DEPAN
tense hanya terjadi dalam 2 pola:
V1 –> V2
V2 –> Past Perfect (had+V3)
Keterangan:
• Yang termasuk dalam kata kerja bentuk pertama dalam rumusan ini dapat
berbentuk present (verb 1) dan future (Will) dimana will juga merupakan
kata kerja bentuk pertama (verb 1) serta modal lain dalam bentuk verb 1
seperti can, may dan lain sebagainya, Verb 1 inilah yang di rubah kedalam
bentuk kedua (V2)
• Jika sudah dalam kata kerja V2 (past tense) maka harus dirubah dengan
menambah perfect tense.
• Jika sudah dalam bentuk past tense yang ditambah perfect maka sudah
tidak ada perubahan lagi (mentok karena tidak ada tenses yang lebih past
lagi selain past yang ditambah dengan perfect).
 CONTOHNA ?

• ContohKOMPONEN UTAMA PENDIDIKAN

1: (Present Tense)
Direct : Robby said, MASA
“I buy DEPAN
3 cars”
Indirect : Robby Said that he bought 3 cars.
Karena buy adalah V1 maka kita harus menggunakan pola
perubahan yang pertama yaitu merubahnya menjadi V2.
[buy -> bought].

Direct : Robby said, “I have taken a bath”

Indirect : Robby Said that he had taken a bath.
V1 –> V2 yakni have –>had. Perubahan yang sebenarnya
terjadi adalah Present Perfect tense –> Past Perfect
tense.
 CONTOHNA ?
• ContohKOMPONEN
2: (Past Tense) UTAMA PENDIDIKAN
Direct : He said, “I boughtMASA DEPAN
a camera.”
Indirect : He said that he had bought a camera.
V2 –> Past perfect. Perubahan yang terjadi sebenarnya adalah dari Simple Past
tense menjadi Past Perfect tense.

How about if the sentence is a QUESTION?

Direct : Rasyid asked me, “Did you come to school yesterday?”
Indirect : Rasyid asked me if I had come to school the day before.

Rumus yang kita pakai sama V2 –> Past perfect.

Note: lalu kenapa bukan come yang dirubah? Padalah menurut rumus
dasarnya yang harus diganti adalah yang jatuh setelah Subjek. Hal ini karena
formatnya pertanyaan. Jika dibentuk dalam bentuk pernyataan: You came to
school yesterday.
 CONTOHNA ?

• ContohKOMPONEN
3: (Future Tense)UTAMA PENDIDIKAN
MASA
Direct : John said, ” I will DEPAN
have finished my duty in the end of this
month”
Indirect : Gafur said that he would have finished his duty in the end
of this month.
Direct : He said, “I will buy a camera.”
Indirect : He said that he would buy a camera.
Direct : She said, “I will be buying a camera.”
Indirect : She said that he would be buying a camera.

Pola yang kita gunakan adalah yang pertama karena will adalah V 1:
V1 (will) –> V2 (would). Perubahan yang terjadi adalah future
perfect tense menjadi Past future perfect tense.
 CONTOHNA ?
• ContohKOMPONEN
4: (Modal) UTAMA PENDIDIKAN
Direct : Robby said, MASA DEPAN
“I can fly without wings”
Indirect : Robby said that he could fly without wings.
Pola yang kita gunakan adalah yang pertama karena can (modal) adalah
verb 1d rubah menjadi modal past (could) V1 (can) –> V2 (Could).

Can –> Could

Shall –> Should
Have to/has to –> Had to
May –> Might
Will –> Would
Must –> Had to/must
May –> Might
MODAL PAST
 AUXILIARY

Perhatikan perubahan-perubahan yang perlu dari Auxiliaries :

Direct Indirect
Am/is was
Are were
Was/were had been
needn’t didn’t have to
- Mary said, ” I was sick yesterday.”
- Mary said that she had been sick the day before.
- The man asked me, ” Can you speak English ?”
- The man asked me if I could speak English.
- Mary said to John, ”You may come to my house tomorrow.”
- Mary said to John that she might come to his house the following day.
- Mother told John :”You must study harder if you want to pass the exam.”
- Mother told John that he had to study harder if he wanted to pass the -
The teacher told them, ”You needn’t hurry.”
- The teacher told them that they didn’t have to hurry.
GOT IT ?

LANJUT NAH
 RULES 2
KOMPONEN PRONOUN
UTAMA PENDIDIKAN
CHANGING
MASA DEPAN
I become …..
 RULES 2
KOMPONEN PRONOUN
UTAMA PENDIDIKAN
CHANGING
MASA DEPAN
You become ….
 RULES 2
KOMPONEN PRONOUN
UTAMA PENDIDIKAN
CHANGING
MASA DEPAN
He/She/It becomes …..
 RULES 3
KOMPONEN
Direct Speech UTAMA
TIME PENDIDIKAN
Indirect Speech
& PLACE CHANGING
Now
MASA DEPAN
Then
Today / Tonight That day / that night
Tomorrow The next day; The day after; The following day; A day later
Next ….. The …. after ; The following …..
Ex : Next 2 days ; Next week Ex : The 2 days after ; The following week
Last ….. The ….. before; The previous ….
Ex : Last night Ex : The night before; The previous night
…… ago ….. before ; ……. earlier
Ex : 5 years ago Ex : 5 years before
Yesterday The day before
The pervious day
The day before yesterday Two day before
Here There
This That
These Those
 NOW ?

THE FORM OF
SENTENCE
 SENTENCE FORM

KOMPONEN
1. Statement UTAMA PENDIDIKAN
(pernyataan)
MASA DEPAN
Dalam Indirect Statement kita menggunakan
kata “that” (bahwa) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat
pengantar/induk kalimat (introduce phrase) dan kata-kata
yang dilaporkan/anak kalimat (reported words). Kata yang
biasa digunakan bukan hanya told dan said saja, melainkan
bisa juga menggunakan: accused, admitted, advised, alleged,
agreed, begged, boasted, complained, denied, explained,
implied, invited, offered, ordered, promised, replied,
suggested, etc. Example:
– He suggested, “You should come to the party.
He suggested I should come to the party.
– Andi told me, “I invite you to come to my party tonight”
Andi told me that he invited me to come to his party that night
– My sister said to me, “Papa warned me last night”
My sister said to me that papa had warned her the night before.
 SENTENCE FORM

KOMPONEN UTAMA PENDIDIKAN

2. Command (perintah)

MASA DEPAN
Perintah berarti menyuruh untuk melakukan atau tidak melakukan (melarang) dengan kata
jangan (don’t). Menyuruh untuk melakukan berarti bersifat positif, sedangkan melarang
bersifat negatif (menggunakan don’t).
– Positive
Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to di depan kalimat perintahnya, sebagai
penghubung antara induk kalimat dan anak kalimat yang berupa kalimat perintah.
Contoh:
• He asked me, “Open your book!”
He asked me to open my book.
• Garet aksed me, “Stop talking to Janet”.
Gareth asked me to stop talking to Janet.
– Negative
Dalam perintah negatif kita tambahkan not to di depan perintah yang dilaporkan.
Contoh:
• Mary told John, “Don’t wait for me!”
Mary told John not to wait for her.
• Father said to my sister, “Don’t go alone in the middle of the night”.
Father asked to my sister not to go alone in the middle of the night.
 SENTENCE FORM

KOMPONEN
3. Question (pertanyaan) UTAMA PENDIDIKAN
MASA DEPAN
Kalimat pertanyaan dibagi menjadi dua kategori:
– Pertanyaan yang menggunakan kata tanya (what, where, when, who, why, how), maka
kata tanya tersebulah yang menjadi penghubung antara induk dan induk kalimat.
Pertanyaan yang dilaporkan berubaha menjadi bentuk positif.
He asked me, “How will you go there ?”
He asked me how I would go there.
– Bila pertanyaan langsung tidak menggunakan kata-kata tanya, dan hanya merupakan
pertanyaan dalam bentuk “Yes & No Question”, maka kita menggunakan kata-kata if,
whether (jika, apakah) sebagai penghubung antara kalimat pengantar dan pertanyaan
yang dilaporkan.
Contoh:
• The teacher asked her, “Have you finish your homework ?”
The teacher asked her if he had finished her homework.
Catatan:
• Kita boleh menggunakan present tense atau past tense jika kebenarannya masih terjadi hingga
saat ini. Contoh:
“My name is Lynne”, she said. Indirectnya boleh: She said her name was Lynne. Boleh juga: She
said her name is Lynne.
 ADDITIONAL

EXTENDED
REPORTED SPEECH
 MIX TYPE

KOMPONEN UTAMA
REPORTED SPEECH PENDIDIKAN
/ MIXED TYPE (Jenis Gabungan)
MASA
Bila pertanyaan dan pernyataan digabungDEPAN
dalam Reported Speech maka kita
menggunakan kata as (karena) sebagai penghubung pada bagian kalimat pernyataan
yang dilaporkan. Dalam hal ini kalimat pernyataan tersebut dilaporkan kemudian.
Perhatikanlah contoh-contoh berikut ini :
- She asked me :”What is the time?, my watch has stopped”.
- She asked me what the time was as her watch had stopped.

- Ira asked John :”What is the matter with you ?, You don’t look well”.
- Mary asked John what the matter was with him as he didn’t look well.

- I asked her :”How long have you been studying English ?, Your accent is very good”.
- I asked her how long she had been studying English as he her accent was very good.

- He told me :”I am off to the movie, Where are you going ?”

- He told me that he was off to the movie and asked me where I was going.
 MIX TYPE

Bila dalam pertanyaan langsung disertai dengan jawaban Yes dan No, maka kita
menggunakan kata but sebagai penghubung untuk jawaban No dan kata and
sebagai penghubung untuk jawaban Yes.
- He asked me, ”Will you go out with me ?” No, I won’t.
- He asked me if I would go out with him but I said I wouldn’t.
- Mother asked John :”Have you had lunch ?” No, I haven’t.
- Mother asked John if he had had lunch but he said he hadn’t.
- She asked me, ”Can you meet me tomorrow ?” No.
- She asked me if I could meet her the following day but I said I couldn’t.
- I asked her, ”Do you like vegetables ?” Yes, I do.
- Is asked her if she liked vegetables and she said she did.
- Mary asked John :”Did you phone me last night ?” Yes, I did.
- Mary asked John if he had phoned her the night before and he said he had.
- Father asked me, ”Are you going to the movie tonight ?” Yes.
- Father asked me if I was going to the movie that night and I said I was.