Ideal Gas Law

PV = nRT
Brings together gas properties.

Can be derived from experiment and theory.

 Ideal Gas Equation

Volume Universal Gas Constant

Pressure
PV=nRT Temperature
No. of moles

R = 0.0821 atm L / mol K

R = 8.314 kPa L / mol K

Kelter, Carr, Scott, Chemistry A Wolrd of Choices 1999, page 366

 PV = nRT
Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)
P = pressure
V = volume
T = temperature (Kelvin)
T = 0 oC or 273 K
n = number of moles
R = gas constant P = 1 atm = 101.3 kPa = 760 mm Hg

Solve for constant (R) 1 mol = 22.4 L @ STP

PV
nT Recall: 1 atm = 101.3 kPa

Substitute values:

(1 atm) (22.4 L) = R R = 0.0821 atm L (101.3 kPa) = 8.31 kPa L

(1 mole)(273 K) mol K ( 1 atm) mol K

R = 0.0821 atm L / mol K or R = 8.31 kPa L / mol K

 Ideal Gas Law
What is the volume that 500 g of iodine will occupy under the conditions:
Temp = 300oC and Pressure = 740 mm Hg?
Step 1) Write down given information.
Step 2) Equation: PV = nRT
mass = 500 g iodine
T = 300oC Step 3) Solve for variable
P = 740 mm Hg nRT
R = 0.0821 atm . L / mol . K V =
P

Step 4) Substitute in numbers and solve

(500 g)(0.0821 atm . L / mol . K)(300oC)
V = 740 mm Hg

V=
What MISTAKES did we make in this problem?
 What mistakes did we make in this problem?
What is the volume that 500 g of iodine will occupy under the conditions:
Temp = 300oC and Pressure = 740 mm Hg?

Step 1) Write down given information.

mass = 500 g iodine  Convert mass to gram;
recall iodine is diatomic (I2)
x mol I2 = 500 g I2(1mol I2 / 254 g I2)
n = 1.9685 mol I2

T = 300oC Temperature must be converted to Kelvin

T = 300oC + 273
T = 573 K

P = 740 mm Hg Pressure needs to have same unit as R;

therefore, convert pressure from mm Hg to atm.
x atm = 740 mm Hg (1 atm / 760 mm Hg)
P = 0.8 atm

R = 0.0821 atm . L / mol . K

 Ideal Gas Law
What is the volume that 500 g of iodine will occupy under the conditions:
Temp = 300oC and Pressure = 740 mm Hg?
Step 1) Write down given information.
Step 2) Equation: PV = nRT
mass = 500 g iodine
n = 1.9685 mol I2 Step 3) Solve for variable
T = 573 K (300oC) nRT
P = 0.9737 atm (740 mm Hg) V =
P
R = 0.0821 atm . L / mol . K
V=?L

Step 4) Substitute in numbers and solve

(1.9685 mol)(0.0821 atm . L / mol . K)(573 K)
V = 0.9737 atm

V = 95.1 L I2
 Ideal Gas Law
What is the volume that 500 g of iodine will occupy under the conditions:
Temp = 300oC and Pressure = 740 mm Hg?
Step 1) Write down given information.
Step 2) Equation: PV = nRT
mass = 500 g iodine
T = 300oC Step 3) Solve for variable
P = 740 mm Hg nRT
R = 0.0821 atm . L / mol . K V =
P

Step 4) Substitute in numbers and solve

(500 g)(0.0821 atm . L / mol . K)(300oC)
V = 740 mm Hg

V=
What MISTAKES did we make in this problem?