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The music of Africa is diverse due to its many countries and cultures. Traditional African music is functional and used for ceremonies, work, social gatherings, and entertainment. It incorporates language, environment, politics, and diversity. African music has influenced genres in Latin America like salsa, samba, soukous, and zouk through the slave trade. Rhythmic percussion and call-and-response singing are common features that have roots in various African traditions and languages.
The music of Africa is diverse due to its many countries and cultures. Traditional African music is functional and used for ceremonies, work, social gatherings, and entertainment. It incorporates language, environment, politics, and diversity. African music has influenced genres in Latin America like salsa, samba, soukous, and zouk through the slave trade. Rhythmic percussion and call-and-response singing are common features that have roots in various African traditions and languages.
The music of Africa is diverse due to its many countries and cultures. Traditional African music is functional and used for ceremonies, work, social gatherings, and entertainment. It incorporates language, environment, politics, and diversity. African music has influenced genres in Latin America like salsa, samba, soukous, and zouk through the slave trade. Rhythmic percussion and call-and-response singing are common features that have roots in various African traditions and languages.
from the cultural and musical diversity of the more than 50 countries of the continent. The organization of this is a colonial legacy from European rule whose vastness has enabled it to incorporate its music with language, environment, political developments, immigration and cultural diversity. Traditional Music of Africa - Functional in nature 1.Used for ceremonial rites 2.Work-related 3.Social in nature 4.Entertainment 1.Afrobeat – used to describe the fusion of West african with black American music 2.Apala ( Akpala) –a musical genre from Nigeria (to wake up the worshippers after fasting during Ramadan 3.Axe – a music that fuses the Afro –Carribean styles of marcha,reggae and calypso. 4.Jit – a hard and percussive Zimbabwen dance music 5.Jive – a South African music featuring a lively and uninhibited variation of the jitterbug. 6. Juju – a musical style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional Yoruba rhythms. 7. Kwasa Kwasa – a dance style that begun in Zaire.(the hips move back and forth while the arms move following the hips 8.Marabi – a South African three-chord township music of the 1930-1960’s which evolved into African jazz.It is characterized by simple chords in varying vamping patterns and repetitive harmony. Latin American Music influenced by African Music • 1.Reggae – a Jamaican sound dominated by bass guitar and drums. - it was strongly influenced by traditional mento and calypso music, American jazz, rhythm and blues.It’s most recognizable musical elements are its offbeat rhythm and staccato chords. • 2.Salsa – Cuban,Puerto Rican and Colombian dance music • 3.Samba – a Brazilian music - a lively and rhythmical dance and music with three steps to every bar. • 4. Soca- a music that originated in Trinidad and Tobago. • 5. Were – a Muslim music performed often as a wake-up call for early breakfast and prayers during Ramadan. 6. Zouk –a fast carnival –like music originating in Guadaloupe and Martinique (Carribean Islands) VOCAL FORMS • 1.Maracatu – first surfaced in the African state of Pernambuco, combining the strong rhythms of African percussion instruments with Portuguese melodies. They are called “nacoes”(nations) who paraded with a drumming ensemble numbering up to 100 accompanied by a singer, chorus and a coterie of dancers. • 2.Blues – a musical form of the late 20th century. These communities are called “Deep South” of the US. The notes of the blues create an expressive and soulful sound. Communicates various emotions. • 3. Soul – it combines the elements of African –American gospel music, rhythm and blues and jazz. It is accompanied by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves. It also includes the “call and response” between the soloist and the chorus. And especially tense and powerful vocal sound. • 4. Spiritual – refers to a song by African migrants who became enslaved by its white communities.Its their outlet to vent their loneliness and anger and a result of MUSIC OF LATIN AMERICA The music of Latin America is the product of three major influences – Indigenous, Spanish-Portuguese, and African. Sometimes called Latin music, it includes the countries that have had a colonial history from Spain and Portugal, divided into the following areas: • a. Andean region (a mountain system of western South America along the Pacific coast from Venezuela to Tierra del Fuego) – Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela • b. Central America – Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Panama • c. Carribean – Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Martinique, At the same time, because of the inter-racial cross breeding and migration, the above named countries were also somewhat commonly populated by five major ancestral groups as follows: • Indian descendants of the original native Americans who were the inhabitants of the region before the arriva; of Christopher Columbus • African descendants from Western and Central Africa • European descendants • Asian descendants from China, Japan, India, and Indonesia/Java • Mixed descendants from the above-named groups INFLUENCES ON LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC • Before the arrival of the Spanish, Portuguese, and other European colonizers, the natives were found to be using local drum and percussion instruments such as the guiro, maracas, and turtle shells, and wind instruments such as zampona (pan pipes) and quena (notched-end flutes) remain popular and are traditionally made out of the same aquatic canes. • The indigenous music of Latin America was largely functional in nature, being used for religious worship and ceremonies. Native American/Indian Music • The ethnic and cultural groups of the principal native Americans share many similar yet distinctive music elements pertaining to melody, harmony, rhythm, form, and dynamics. • Short musical motives from descending melodic lines were a common feature, where tempo, rhythm, and tone colors vary with the specific occasion or ritual. • Many dance forms were repetitious, while songs had a wide range of volume levels Afro-Latin American Music • The African influence on Latin American music is most pronounced in its rich and varied rhythmic patterns produced by the drums and various percussion instruments. • Complex layering of rhythmic patterns was a favorite device, where fast paced tempos add to the rhythmic density. • Vocal music was often deep chested while instrumental music greatly relied on resonant drums and sympathetic buzzers to produce rich sounds and occasional loud volume levels to reflect their intensity. Euro-Latin American Music • The different regions of Latin America adopted various characteristics from their European colonizers. • Melodies of the Renaissance period were used in Southern Chile and the Colombian Pacific coasts, while step-wise melodies were preferred in the heavily Hispanic and Moorish-influenced areas of Venezuela and Colombia • MIXED AMERICAN • This musical fusion of Latin America combining native instruments with European counterparts and musical theories was further enriched by the instruments brought by the African slaves. • The result of the massive infusion of African culture also brought about the introduction of other music and dance forms such as the AfroCuban rumba, Jamaican reggae, Colombian cumbia, and the Brazilian samba