INTERMOLECULAR

FORCES OF ATTRACTION

Dipole-Dipole
Hydrogen Bonds
London Dispersion Forces
 Dipole-Dipole

• Intermolecular forces of attraction acting on

polar molecules

• Short-ranged forces that exist between

molecules that are very near to each other.
Example
 Hydrogen Bonds
• Special Type of Dipole-
Dipole interaction
• Highly electro negative atom
(e.g. Nitrogen, Oxygen,
Flourine)
• It is attracted to unshared
pair of an elecronegative
atom of another molecule.
• The boiling points of hydrogen
bonded molecules are higher
due to special statibility
provided by the hydrogen
bonds.
• Water is a good example of
hydrogen- containing
compuond with high boiling
points.
 London Dispersion Forces
• In 1931, a German-American physicist Friz Wolfgang London,
suggested that intermolecular forces exist between all atoms
and molecules.
• He called these forces result from the constant movement of
electrons in molecules that consequently creates
instantaneous dispoles as “London Dispersion Forcess” (LDF)
• London dispersion forces are the weakest type of
intermolecular force of attraction and only exist when atoms
are in very close range.
 Table 3-3
Summary of Intermolecular Forces of Attractions
IMFA Types of Substances that
Exhibit Attraction
Dipole-dipole Molecules that have permanent dipoles
Hydrogen bonding Molecules with N-H, O-H, and H-F bonds
London dispersion forces Present in all substances