June 2007 – Maritime surveillance at JRC 1

Maritime surveillance at JRC:

MASURE action

Guido Ferraro, Harm Greidanus

June 2007 – Maritime surveillance at JRC 2

Joint Research Centre

• Scientific and technical support for European Union policies
(conception, development, implementation and monitoring)
• For European Commission, Agencies, Member States
• Part of the European Commission
• Reference centre of science and technology
for the EU
• Serves the common interest of
the Member States
• Independent of special interests
(private or national)
• 7 Institutes, 5 sites
June 2007 – Maritime surveillance at JRC 3

Present policy developments

…related to maritime surveillance

• Pollution control -DGs ENV, TREN; EMSA

• Fisheries control -DG FISH
• Maritime border security -DG JLS; FRONTEX
• Maritime and port security; -DG TREN
Common European Maritime Space
• Security & Defence -Council; EDA

• Integrated Maritime Policy -DG Fisheries &

• EU-integrated maritime surveillance Maritime Affairs

• GMES -DG ENTR

• FP7 -DG RTD
 June 2007 – Maritime surveillance at JRC 4

Inter-pillar approach
1st PILLAR 3rd PILLAR

Maritime Control of external

Safety borders

Combating drug
Fighting trafficking
Pollution

Combating clandestine
immigration and
Fisheries Combating people trafficking
Control Terrorism

• Many stakeholders in
maritime surveillance Military action Intelligence of
• Good cooperation / at sea Maritime origin

coordination needed Exercise

sovereignty
between EU and MS at sea
bodies 2nd PILLAR
From EDA presentation
June 2007 – Maritime surveillance at JRC 5

Organisation European Commission

Directorate General: Joint Research Centre JRC

Institute: Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen IPSC

Unit: Maritime Affairs (being formed)

Action: MASURE

Maritime surveillance systems and concepts

June 2007 – Maritime surveillance at JRC 6

MASURE objectives
Maritime regulatory and governance issues related to:
• Enforcement & compliance monitoring Radarsat Fine
• Identification of risks & threats
• Environmental
• Security
• Economic

 Technically:
• Pollution surveillance Quickbird

• Vessel surveillance
• Maritime Domain Awareness
• Risk assessment

• Work in collaboration with EU stakeholders

June 2007 – Maritime surveillance at JRC 7

R&D activities - pollution

• European Group of Experts on satellite Monitoring of sea-based
Pollution (EGEMP)

• Long-term monitoring of
oil pollution
• Mapping spills, identifying
hotspots, trends

• New tools
• Automatic oil spill detection algorithm for satellite SAR
• Feasibility of oil spill detection with MODIS
• GIS layers for environmental and shipping data
 June 2007 – Maritime surveillance at JRC 8

R&D activities – ship detection

• Use of imaging satellites for maritime surveillance
• Commercial satellites, radar and optical
• Automatic ship detection & classification
• End-to-end vessel detection - VDS

User Output
SUMO interface
automatic
ship
detector
 JRC’s Vessel Detection System
June 2007 – Maritime surveillance at JRC 9

Acq/downlink
Ship detection

FTP to JRC Correlate w VMS

Processing VMS
AIS

To authorities
Total:
30 min
June 2007 – Maritime surveillance at JRC 10

R&D activities – ship detection

• Use of imaging satellites for maritime surveillance

• Commercial satellites, radar and optical
• Automatic ship detection & classification – SUMO
• End-to-end vessel detection - VDS

• Fusion (integration) of vessel traffic data from many sources for

Maritime Domain Awareness
• VDS, VMS, AIS, VTS, intelligence, LRIT, …

• Surveillance concepts
• Combinations of sensors, platforms, data sources
June 2007 – Maritime surveillance at JRC 11

R&D activities - general

• Technical and scientific aspects related to the definition of an EU
strategy on maritime surveillance
• Data sharing policies & practices
(between sectors and nations)
• Interoperability of surveillance systems

• Longer term:
• New tools for maritime surveillance
(UAVs, surveillance buoys, …)
• GIS mapping of maritime risk assessment related to activities and
regulations (existing and new trade routes, illegal immigration
patterns, …)
June 2007 – Maritime surveillance at JRC 12

Maritime surveillance projects (1/3)

• VDS (satellite surveillance) campaigns for fisheries control
• For DG FISH (AA)
• In 2007 in Med Sea, Irish Sea, NEAFC, Baltic

• FRONTEX studies:
• MEDSEA (2006): attended meetings
• BORTEC (2006): major technical support
• European Patrols Network: limited technical support

• Survey of maritime surveillance systems in EU

• For Maritime Policy Task Force
• What are the practices for sharing maritime surveillance data?
• Like BORTEC, but much smaller and for the non-Med countries
June 2007 – Maritime surveillance at JRC 13

Maritime surveillance projects (2/3)

• MARISS
• Industry setting up Maritime Security Services based on satellite
images for some MS operational authorities
• ESA GMES Service Element

• LIMES
• Land/Sea Integrated Monitoring for European Security
• FP6 IP
• Parts on land border and on maritime border
• Can be seen as continuation of MARISS
• JRC involved in setting up surveillance service chains with industry
on “open water”, “coastal water”, “containers” and “outside EU”
June 2007 – Maritime surveillance at JRC 14

Maritime surveillance projects (3/3)

• TANGO
• Telecoms Advanced Networks for GMES Operations - FP6

• MARUSE
• Galileo maritime applications - GJU/GSA

• MONRUK
• Monitoring Black, Barentz, Caspian Seas - FP6

• R&D support to EMSA related to oil pollution

• MoU  PDD
• New tools and methods
June 2007 – Maritime surveillance at JRC 15

Project proposals
• WIMA2S
• Wide Maritime Area Airborne Surveillance
• The use of UAVs
• FP7 security call
• Capability project
• Lead: Thales Airborne Systems

• OPERAMAR
• Cross-sectoral integration of maritime surveillance systems
• FP7 security call
• Network project (small)
• Lead: Thales Underwater Systems
June 2007 – Maritime surveillance at JRC 16

Policies toward integration of maritime surveillance

• Maritime Policy Green Paper
• Background Paper 4b “Improving European integration in maritime
reporting, monitoring and surveillance” (SEC(2006) 689, 6/2006)

• Maritime Policy state of play info note (SEC(2007) 887, 21/6/2007)

• Elements envisaged for the October package
• 3.c – “Action on the coordination of surveillance systems:
The development of coordination tools for maritime surveillance, with
the ultimate objective of arriving at a seamless network for maritime
surveillance covering the different human activities in Europe's oceans
and seas

• DG JLS’ “European Border Surveillance System”

• COM(2006)733 30/11/2006 “Reinforcing the management of the EU’s
southern maritime borders”
June 2007 – Maritime surveillance at JRC 17

Conclusion

• Many users of maritime surveillance

• Border control, safety, fisheries, environment, defence, …
• All pillars, civil-military overlaps
• Many developments
• New systems (AIS, LRIT, satellites, ...)
• Many projects (ESA, FP6, FP7, GMES, …)
• The ambition of MASURE
• Serve the EU-level actors as technical reference point
Harm.Greidanus @ jrc.it
EC Joint Research Centre
TP 051
21020 Ispra (VA), Italy
T +39-0332-78 9739

http://fish.jrc.cec.eu.int
http://ipsc.jrc.cec.eu.int