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TECHNOLOGY
2
LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION (LLE)
• Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), also known as solvent
extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds or metal
complexes, based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible
liquids.
Batch wise single stage extractions-This is commonly used on the small scale
in chemical labs
• Surfactants are amphiphilic substances composed of a head group, either charged, polar, or
neutral and a long nonpolar hydrocarbon tail.
• They may be nonionic, composed of no charged polar head groups. They may also be anionic,
cationic.
• Upon introduction of surfactants (or any surface active materials) into the system, they will
initially partition into the interface, reducing the system free energy by:
1-lowering the energy of the interface (calculated as area times surface tension).
2-removing the hydrophobic parts of the surfactant from contact with water.
• Anionic Surfactant:
Formula - CH3-(CH2)10-CH2-C6H4SO32—H+Na+
(M.W = 348.5 g/mol; cmc = 500 ppm)
• Cationic Surfactant:
MATERIALS:
SOLVENT:
Name- isoamyl alcohol (3-Methylbutan-1-ol)
Formula - C5H12O (M.W.= 88 g/mol)
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
REVERSE MICELLE
• Reversed micelles are nanometer sized aggregates of surfactant molecules surrounding microscopic water
core in polar solvents. These inverted aggregated are drawn together by hydrogen bonding in the presence
of minimal amount of water
• continuous operation,
• biocompatibility
• Cost effectiveness.