PLANT TISSUE

GRADE 10 SEMESTER 2
YEAR 2016-2017
 Terminal bud

Blade
Leaf
Flower
Petiole
Axillary bud

Stem
SHOOT
SYSTEM

Node

Internode

Taproot Root
hairs
ROOT
SYSTEM

Figure 31.3
 Complex tissues are composed of
more than one type of plant cell
THREE TISSUE SYSTEMS MAKE UP THE PLANT
BODY
Roots, stems, and leaves are made of Leaf

three tissue systems

 The epidermis
 The vascular tissue system
 The ground tissue system

Stem

Vascular
Epidermis tissue system

Ground
tissue system Root

Figure 31.6A
There are five major types of plant cells
– Parenchyma
– Collenchyma
– Sclerenchyma
– Water-conducting cells
– Food-conducting cells
Others: Dermal/epidermis tissue, meristematic tissue
EPIDERMIS TISSUE
EPIDERMIS
TISSUE
One layer of cells
Cells are tight each other
Secrete a waxy
substance called cutin
and form a layer called • Protection of water
cuticle loss, mechanical
damage, gas diffusion
SPECIALIZED EPIDERMAL CELLS

• Guard cells occur

in pairs side by
side with a pore
called stoma

• Some epidermal cells bear

hair-like extension
• Increasing surface area for
absorption of water and
mineral salts in root hair cells.
THE GROUND TISSUE
SYSTEM
Parenchyma cells:
• function in food storage, photosynthesis, and
aerobic respiration
• are roughly spherical though they may be
elongated. They also have thin walls
Primary
wall
(thin)

Pit
MODIFIED PARENCHYMA

Photosynthetic Parenchyma; e.g. palisade mesophyll,

spongy mesophyll
Aerenchyma  to store the air which aid the plants to
float in aquatic environment
Endodermis – innermost layer of the cortex. In roots,
the cells develop a Casparian strip, a band of
suberin (a fatty substance) that covers cell walls
• Collenchyma cells provide support in parts of
the plant that are still growing, leaves, and
young stems

Primary
wall
(thick)
Sclerenchyma cells
• Provide a rigid scaffold that supports the plant
• Cell wall is heavily thickened with lignin
• Structures called pits appear in the walls as they
thicken
• Types: fibers and sclereid

Pits

Secondary
wall

Fiber
cells

Primary
FIBER wall
Sclereids (stone cells)
• Provides mechanical strength and protection
• Contributes to firmness of fruit tissues
• Shape: roughly spherical
Secondary Sclereid
wall cells

Primary Pits
wall
SCLEREID
VASCULAR TISSUE SYSTEM
Water-conducting cells (xylem) convey water
from the roots to the stems and leaves
• Chains of
Pits
tracheids or vessel Tracheids

elements form a Vessel element

system of tubes
for water transport
• Tracheids are
elongated and Pits

Openings
lignified in end wall

• Vessel elements
are shorter and
wider
Food-conducting cells (Phloem) function in the
transport of sugars, other compounds, and some
mineral ions
– Sieve-tube members are
arranged end-to-end, Sieve plate
forming tubes
Companion
cell
– Their end walls are
perforated with
plasmodesmata, forming
sieve plates
– At least one companion
Cytoplasm

Primary
cell flanks each sieve-tube wall

member
MERISTEM
TISSUE
• Responsible for the division of
new cells
• Keep dividing
• Takes part in plant grow

Types :
Apical meristem (the growing points of roots
and stems)
Lateral meristem (nodes of stem)
 PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Angiosperms, or flowering plants, are the most

familiar and diverse plants
There are two main types of angiosperms
Monocots include orchids, bamboos, palms,
lilies, grains, and other grasses
Dicots include shrubs, ornamental plants, most
trees, and many food crops
 THE ORGANS

A. Leaf
ANATOMY OF DICOT & MONOCOT LEAVES
ANATOMY OF STEM
ANATOMY OF STEM (DICOT)
ANATOMY OF STEM (MONOCOT)
COMPARISON OF ROOT
ANATOMY OF ROOT (DICOT)
APOPLAST
SYMPLAST
TRANSPORT IN PLANTS
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